{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:10:51Z","timestamp":1788459051788,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Blood Cancer J."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We studied the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in younger individuals, age 10\u201349 years, using samples from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) III. NHANES prevalence rates were standardized to the 2000 US total population. Among 12\u2009372 individuals (4073 blacks, 4146 Mexican-Americans, 3595 whites, and 558 others), MGUS was identified in 63 persons (0.34%, 95% CI 0.23\u20130.50). The prevalence of MGUS was significantly higher in blacks (0.88%, 95% CI 0.62\u20131.26) compared with whites (0.22%, 95% CI 0.11\u20130.45),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.001. The prevalence of MGUS in Mexican-Americans was at an intermediate level (0.41%, 95% CI 0.23\u20130.73). The disparity in prevalence of MGUS between blacks and whites was most striking in the 40\u201349 age-group; 3.26% (95% CI 2.04\u20135.18) versus 0.53% (95% CI 0.20\u20131.37),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.0013. There was a trend to earlier age of onset of MGUS in blacks compared with whites. MGUS was seen in only two persons in the 10\u201319 age-group (both Mexican-American), and in three persons in the 20\u201329-year age-group (all of whom were black). In persons less than 50 years of age, MGUS is significantly more prevalent, with up to 10 years earlier age of onset, in blacks compared with whites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T09:21:33Z","timestamp":1508491293000},"page":"e618-e618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Prevalence of myeloma precursor state monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in 12372 individuals 10\u201349 years old: a population-based study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Landgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B I","family":"Graubard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5392-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Katzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Dispenzieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Caporaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Mailankody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Korde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hultcrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"Therneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D R","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Cerhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S V","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR1","first-page":"7","volume":"67","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A . Cancer statistics, 2017. CA: Cancer J Clin 2017; 67: 7\u201330.","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-194241","volume":"113","author":"O Landgren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Landgren O, Kyle RA, Pfeiffer RM, Katzmann JA, Caporaso NE, Hayes RB et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study. Blood 2009; 113: 5412\u20135417.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-298760","volume":"116","author":"AJ Waxman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waxman AJ, Mink PJ, Devesa SS, Anderson WF, Weiss BM, Kristinsson SY et al. Racial disparities in incidence and outcome in multiple myeloma: a population-based study. Blood 2010; 116: 5501\u20135506.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR4","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. SEER incidence and US death rates, age-adjusted and age-specific rates, by race and sex. Available at: http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2006\/browse_csr.php?section=18&page=sect_18_table.06.htmlaccessed 2 May 2009."},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-08-3449","volume":"107","author":"O Landgren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Landgren O, Gridley G, Turesson I, Caporaso NE, Goldin LR, Baris D et al. Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States. Blood 2006; 107: 904\u2013906.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)61089-6","volume":"82","author":"O Landgren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Landgren O, Katzmann JA, Hsing AW, Pfeiffer RM, Kyle RA, Yeboah ED et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among men in Ghana. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82: 1468\u20131473.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.34","volume":"28","author":"O Landgren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, Ahmadizadeh I, Clark R et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12 482 persons from the national health and nutritional examination survey. Leukemia 2014; 28: 1537\u20131542.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00080-1","volume":"104","author":"HJ Cohen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cohen HJ, Crawford J, Rao MK, Pieper CF, Currie MS . Racial differences in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy in a community-based sample of the elderly. [erratum appears in Am J Med 1998; 105(4): 362]. Am J Med 1998; 104: 439\u2013444.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.368","volume":"26","author":"AJ Greenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greenberg AJ, Vachon CM, Rajkumar SV . Disparities in the prevalence, pathogenesis and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma between blacks and whites. Leukemia 2012; 26: 609\u2013614.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR10","unstructured":"Ezzati TM, Massey JT, Waksberg J, Chu A, Maurer KR . Sample design: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital Health Stat 2 1992, 1\u201335."},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR11","unstructured":"Curtin LR, Mohadjer LK, Dohrmann SM, Montaquila JM, Kruszan-Moran D, Mirel LB et al. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: sample design, 1999\u20132006. Vital Health Stat 2 2012, 1\u201339."},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054494","volume":"354","author":"RA Kyle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, Larson DR, Plevak MF, Offord JR et al. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1362\u20131369.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032619","volume-title":"Analysis of Health Survey","author":"EL Korn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Korn EL, Graubard BI . Analysis of Health Survey. Wiley: New York, NY, 1999."},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780080504","volume":"8","author":"S Durrleman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Durrleman S, Simon R . Flexible regression models with cubic splines. Stat Med 1989; 8: 551\u2013561.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-262394","volume":"116","author":"O Landgren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Landgren O, Rajkumar SV, Pfeiffer RM, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, Dispenzieri A et al. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) among African-American and Caucasian women. Blood 2010; 116: 1056\u20131059.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.8.1277","volume":"90","author":"D Baris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baris D, Brown LM, Silverman DT, Hayes R, Hoover RN, Swanson GM et al. Socioeconomic status and multiple myeloma among US blacks and whites. Am J Public Health 2000; 90: 1277\u20131281.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430404","volume":"43","author":"P Boffetta","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boffetta P, Stellman SD, Garfinkel L . A case-control study of multiple myeloma nested in the American Cancer Society prospective study. Int J Cancer 1989; 43: 554\u2013559.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199601000-00002","volume":"7","author":"SL Koessel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koessel SL, Theis MK, Vaughan TL, Koepsell TD, Weiss NS, Greenberg RS et al. Socioeconomic status and the incidence of multiple myeloma. Epidemiology 1996; 7: 4\u20138.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000172135.61188.2d","volume":"16","author":"CK Blair","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blair CK, Cerhan JR, Folsom AR, Ross JA . Anthropometric characteristics and risk of multiple myeloma. Epidemiology 2005; 16: 691\u2013694.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X","volume":"371","author":"AG Renehan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M . Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371: 569\u2013578.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFbcj201797_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13078","volume":"93","author":"JA Britton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Britton JA, Khan AE, Rohrmann S, Becker N, Linseisen J, Nieters A et al. Anthropometric characteristics and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC. Haematologica 2008; 93: 1666\u20131677.","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Blood Cancer Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bcj201797.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bcj201797","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/bcj.2017.97","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bcj201797.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T12:30:49Z","timestamp":1671712249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bcj201797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["BFbcj201797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bcj.2017.97","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-5385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-5385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}