{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:25:46Z","timestamp":1792531546744,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T11:16:17Z","timestamp":1456917377000},"page":"582-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["HPV immunisation and cervical screening\u2014confirmation of changed performance of cytology as a screening test in immunised women: a retrospective population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"T J","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K G J","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Cuschieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Cruickshank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Nicoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR1","unstructured":"Achievable standards, Benchmarks for reporting, and Criteria for evaluating cervical cytopathology (3rd edn) (2013) \n                    https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/cervical-screening-cytopathology-standards-and-evaluation-criteria\n                    \n                   (accessed 28 December 2015)."},{"key":"#cr-split#-BFbjc2015474_CR2.1","unstructured":"2. Bhatia R, Cubie H, Wennington H, Serrano I, Palmer T, Kavanagh K, Hopkins K, Cuschieri K (2014) Performance of clinically validated HPV tests in a fully vaccinated \"catch up\" cohort in Scotland. 29th International Papillomavirus Conference"},{"key":"#cr-split#-BFbjc2015474_CR2.2","unstructured":"3. Seattle, WA, USA, 21-25 August 2014, CS.OA04.03 p 89. Available at   http:\/\/ipvsoc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/news\/HPV-2014-Abstract-eBook.pdf    (accessed on 25 August 2015)."},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"K1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.064","volume":"Suppl 10","author":"FX Bosch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bosch FX, Burchell AN, Schiffman M, Giuliano AR, de Sanjose S, Bruni L, Tortolero-Luna G, Kjaer SK, Mu\u00f1oz N (2008) Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections and type-specific implications in cervical neoplasia. Vaccine Suppl 10: K1\u2013K16.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.150736","volume":"22","author":"RL Cameron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cameron RL, Kavanagh K, Pan J, Love J, Cuschieri K, Robertson C, Ahmed S, Palmer TJ, Pollock KGJ (2016) Human papilloma virus prevalence and herd immunity after introduction of vaccination program, Scotland, 2009\u20132013. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 56\u201364.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/pgp.0b013e31805152ab","volume":"26","author":"JD Carreon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carreon JD, Sherman ME, Guillen D, Solomon D, Herrero R, Jer\u00f3nimo J, Wacholder S, Rodr\u00edguez AC, Morales J, Hutchinson M, Burk RD, Schiffman M (2007) CIN2 is a much less reproducible and less valid diagnosis than CIN3: Results from a Histological Review of Population-Based Cervical Samples. Int J Gynecol Pathol 26: 441\u2013446.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR6","unstructured":"Colposcopy and programme management: guidelines for the NHS Cervical Screening Programme. NHS CSP Document 20. 2nd Edn (2010) Available at \n                    https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/cervical-screening-programme-and-colposcopy-management\n                    \n                   (accessed 11 January 2016)."},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR7","unstructured":"Cruickshank ME, Cotton S, Cubie H, Campbell C, Robertson C, Kavanagh K, Pollock K, Weller D, McNamee P, Sinka K, Choi Y, Cuschieri K (2014) The Scottish Cervical Cancer Prevention Prorgamme (SCCPP): Integrating primary and secondary prevention in national research programme. 29th International Papillomavirus Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, 21-25 August, 2014, PH.PP03.08 p 338. Available at \n                    http:\/\/ipvsoc.org\/sites\/defau5)lt\/files\/news\/HPV-2014-Abstract-eBook.pdf\n                    \n                   (accessed 28 August 2015)."},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2008.00585.x","volume":"19","author":"K Denton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Denton K, Herbert A, Turnbull L, Waddell C, Desai M, Rana D, Dudding N, Smith JH (2008) The proposed BSCC terminology for abnormal cervical cytology. Cytopathol 19: 137\u2013157.","journal-title":"Cytopathol"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt538","volume":"25","author":"MG Dijkstra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dijkstra MG, Snijders PJF, Arbyn M, Rijkaart DC, Berkhof J, Meijer CJ (2014) Cervical cancer screening: on the way to a shift from cytology to full molecular screening. Ann Oncol 25: 927\u2013935.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71073-4","volume":"15","author":"M Drolet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drolet M, B\u00e9nard \u00c9, Boily MC, Ali H, Baandrup L, Bauer H, Beddows S, Brisson J, Brotherton JM, Cummings T, Donovan B, Fairley CK, Flagg EW, Johnson AM, Kahn JA, Kavanagh K, Kjaer SK, Kliewer EV, Lemieux-Mellouki P, Markowitz L, Mboup A, Mesher D, Niccolai L, Oliphant J, Pollock KG, Soldan K, Sonnenberg P, Tabrizi SN, Tanton C, Brisson M (2015) Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 565\u2013580.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.061","volume":"S3","author":"EL Franco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franco EL, Cuzick J, Hildesheim A, de Sanjos\u00e9 S (2006) Chapter 20: Issues in planning cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV vaccination. Vaccine S3: 171\u2013177.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2009.06.003","volume":"40","author":"EL Franco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franco EL, Salaheddin MM, Tota J, Ferenczy A, Coutl\u00e9e F (2009) The expected impact of HPV vaccination on the accuracy of cervical cancer screening: the need for a paradigm change. Arch Med Res 40: 478\u2013485.","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181e8b2c4","volume":"34","author":"MT Galgano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galgano MT, Castle PE, Atkins KA, Brix WK, Nassau SR, Stoler MH (2010) Using biomarkers as objective standards in the diagnosis of cervical biopsies. Am J Surg Pathol 34: 1077\u20131087.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR14","unstructured":"Histopathology reporting in Cervical Cancer. NHSCSP10. 2nd edn (2010) \n                    https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/cervical-screening-histopathology-reporting-handbook\n                    \n                   (accessed 28 December 2015)."},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.198","volume":"110","author":"K Kavanagh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kavanagh K, Pollock KG, Potts A, Love J, Cuschieri K, Cubie H, Robertson C, Donaghy M (2014) Introduction and sustained high coverage of the HPV bivalent vaccine leads to a reduction in prevalence of HPV 16\/18 and closely related HPV types. Br J Cancer 110: 2804\u20132811.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2014-202681","volume":"68","author":"D Mesher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mesher D, Cuschieri K, Hibbitts S, Jamison J, Sargent A, Pollock KG, Powell N, Wilson R, McCall F, Fiander A, Soldan K (2015) Type specific HPV prevalence in invasive cervical cancer prior to national HPV Immunisation programme: baseline for monitoring the effects of immunisation. J Clin Pathol 68: 135\u2013140.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00009","volume":"132","author":"K Nanda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nanda K, McCroy DC, Myers ER, Bastian LA, Hasselblad V, Hickey JD, Matchar DB (2000) Accuracy of the Papanicolaou test in screening for and follow-up of cervical cytologic abnormalities: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 132: 810\u2013819.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16674-9","volume":"364","author":"J Peto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peto J, Gilham C, Fletcher O, Matthews FE (2004) The cervical cancer epidemic that screening has prevented in the UK. Lancet 364: 249\u2013256.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.479","volume":"111","author":"KG Pollock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollock KG, Kavanagh K, Potts A, Love J, Cuschieri K, Cubie H, Robertson C, Cruickshank M, Palmer TJ, Nicoll S, Donaghy M (2014) Reduction of low- and high-grade cervical abnormalities associated with high uptake of the HPV bivalent vaccine in Scotland. Br J Cancer 111: 1824\u20131830.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26056","volume":"130","author":"DC Rijkaart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rijkaart DC, Berkhof J, van Kamenade FJ, Coupe VM, Hesselink AT, Rozendaal L, Heideman DA, Verheijen RH, Bulk S, Verweij WM, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ (2012) Evaluation of 14 triage strategies for HPV DNA-positive women in population-based cervical screening. Int J Cancer 130: 602\u2013610.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.3.231","volume":"42","author":"AJ Robertson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robertson AJ, Anderson JM, Swanson-Beck J, Burnett RA, Howatson SR, Lee FD, Lessells AM, McLaren KM, Moss SM, Simpson JG, Smith GD, Tavadia HB, Walker F (1989) Observer variability in the interpretation of cervical biopsy specimens. J Clin Pathol 42: 231\u2013238.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62218-7","volume":"383","author":"G Ronco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ronco G, Dillner J, Elfstrom KM, Tunesi S, Snijders PJF, Arbyn M, Kitchener H, Segnan N, Gilham C, Giorgi-Rossi P, Berkhof J, Peto J, Meijer CJLM International HPV screening working group (2014) Efficacy of HPV based screening for the prevention of invasive cervical cancer: follow-up of four European randomised controlled trials. Lancet 383: 524\u2013532.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR23","unstructured":"SCSP recommendations for management of routine and non-routine smears \n                    http:\/\/www.sccrs.scot.nhs.uk\/Documents\/2013-04-01naps1-11April%202013.pdf\n                    \n                   (accessed on 23 August 2015)."},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.1993.03040203.x","volume":"3","author":"MI Shafi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shafi MI, Dunn JA, Finn CB, Kehoe S, Buxton EJ, Jordan JA, Luesley DM (1993) Characterization of high- and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer 3: 203\u2013207.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02263.x","volume":"116","author":"L Sharp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharp L, Cotton S, Cochran C, Gray N, Little J, Neal K, Cruickshank M TOMBOLA (Trial Of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal smears) Group (2009) After-effects reported by women following colposcopy, cervical biopsies and LLETZ: results from the TOMBOLA trial. BJOG 116: 1506\u20131514.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"BFbjc2015474_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29374","volume":"137","author":"LT Thomsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomsen LT, Frederiksen K, Munk C, Junge J, Iftner T, Kjaer SK (2015) Long-term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse according to high-risk human papillomavirus genotype and semi-quantitative viral load among 33,288 women with normal cervical cytology. Int J Cancer 137: 193\u2013203.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2015474.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2015474","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2015474.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T13:31:37Z","timestamp":1684416697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2015474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFbjc2015474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2015.474","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0920","1532-1827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0920","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-1827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2015","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2015","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"MC has been a member of an Advisory Board (Sanofi Pasteur MSD) and has been an investigator for studies sponsored and funded by GlaxoSmithKline via her institution. The remaining authors declare no conflict interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}