{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:19:11Z","timestamp":1785842351854,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,25]],"date-time":"2016-06-25T12:49:37Z","timestamp":1466858977000},"page":"599-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Past cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, obesity, and earlier menopause are associated with an increased risk of vulval cancer in postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"115","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the Million Women Study Collaborators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Coffey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezia","family":"Gaitskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Beral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Canfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isobel","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/13595220152601837","volume":"6","author":"E Banks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Banks E, Beral V, Cameron R, Hogg A, Langley N, Barnes I, Bull D, Elliman J, Harris CL (2001) Agreement between general practice prescription data and self-reported use of hormone replacement therapy and treatment for various illnesses. J Epidemiol Biostat 6 (4): 357\u2013363.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Biostat"},{"issue":"9","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000547","volume":"25","author":"EL Barlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barlow EL, Kang YJ, Hacker NF, Canfell K (2015) Changing Trends in Vulvar Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates in Australia Since 1982. Int J Gynecol Cancer 25 (9): 1683\u20131689.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"9392","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14596-5","volume":"362","author":"V Beral","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beral V on behalf of The Million Women Study Collaborative Group (2003) Breast cancer and hormone- replacement therapy: the Million Women Study. Lancet 362 (9392): 419\u2013427.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.76","volume":"37","author":"KL Bobrow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bobrow KL, Quigley MA, Green J, Reeves GK, Beral V (2012) Persistent effects of women\u2019s parity and breastfeeding patterns on their body mass index: results from the Million Women Study. Int J Obes 37 (5): 712\u2013717.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR5","first-page":"859","volume":"75","author":"LA Brinton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brinton LA, Nasca PC, Mallin K, Baptiste MS, Wilbanks GD, Richart RM (1990) Case-control study of cancer of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 75 (5): 859\u2013866.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90198-8","volume":"29","author":"JA Carlson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carlson JA, Ambros R, Malfetano J, Ross J, Grabowski R, Lamb P, Figge H, Mihm MC (1998) Vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort, case control, and investigational study with historical perspective; implications for chronic inflammation and sclerosis in the development of neoplasia. Hum Pathol 29 (9): 932\u2013947.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.01.016","volume":"46","author":"AK Chaturvedi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chaturvedi AK (2010) Beyond cervical cancer: burden of other HPV-related cancers among men and women. J Adolesc Health 46 (4): S20\u2013S26.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.89","volume":"112","author":"K Coffey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coffey K, Beral V, Green J, Reeves G, Barnes I (2015) Lifestyle and reproductive risk factors associated with anal cancer in women aged over 50 years. Br J Cancer 112 (9): 1568\u20131574.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-473","volume":"11","author":"R Crawford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crawford R, Grignon A-L, Kitson S, Winder DM, Ball SLR, Vaughan K, Stanley MA, Sterling JC, Goon PKC (2011) High prevalence of HPV in non-cervical sites of women with abnormal cervical cytology. BMC Cancer 11 (1): 473\u2013478.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"16","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.06.033","volume":"49","author":"S de Sanjos\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Sanjos\u00e9 S, Alemany L, Ordi J, Tous S, Alejo M, Bigby SM, Joura EA, Maldonado, Paula Laco J, Bravo IG, Vidal A, Guimer\u00e0 N, Cross P, Wain GV, Petry KU, Mariani L, Bergeron C, Mandys V, Sica AR, F\u00e9lix A, Usubutun A, Seoud M, Hern\u00e1ndez-Su\u00e1rez G, Nowakowski AM, Wilson G, Dalstein V, Hampl M, Kasamatsu ES, Lombardi LE, Tinoco L, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Perrotta M, Bhatla N, Agorastos T, Lynch CF, Goodman MT, Shin H-RR, Viarheichyk H, Jach R, Cruz MOLE, Velasco J, Molina C, Bornstein J, Ferrera A, Domingo EJ, Chou C-YY, Banjo A, Castellsagu\u00e9 X, Pawlita M, Lloveras B, Quint WGV, Mu\u00f1oz N, Bosch FX (2013) Worldwide human papillomavirus genotype attribution in over 2000 cases of intraepithelial and invasive lesions of the vulva. Eur J Cancer 49 (16): 3450\u20133461.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR11","first-page":"165","volume":"39","author":"EW Franklin","year":"1972","unstructured":"Franklin EW, Rutledge FD (1972) Epidemiology of epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 39 (2): 165\u2013172.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(58)90666-5","volume":"75","author":"TH Green","year":"1958","unstructured":"Green TH, Ulfelder H, Meigs JV (1958) Epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva; an analysis of 238 cases. I. Etiology and diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 75 (4): 834\u2013847.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR13","first-page":"404","volume":"49","author":"H Japaze","year":"1977","unstructured":"Japaze H, Garcia-Bunuel R, Woodruff JD (1977) Primary vulvar neoplasia: a review of in situ and invasive carcinoma, 1935\u20131972. Obstet Gynecol 49 (4): 404\u2013411.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38663.459039.7C","volume":"331","author":"I Kalliala","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalliala I, Anttila A, Pukkala E, Nieminen P (2005) Risk of cervical and other cancers after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: retrospective cohort study. Br Med J 331: 1183\u20131185.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR15","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs","author":"RJ Kurman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS, Young RH eds (2014) WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs 4th edn IARC: Lyon, France."},{"issue":"6","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13998","volume":"173","author":"Z Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Z, Wang Z, Yu Y, Zhang H, Chen L (2015) Smoking is inversely related to cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 173 (6): 1540\u20131543.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23446","volume":"122","author":"BS Madsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Madsen BS, Jensen HL, van den Brule AJC, Wohlfahrt J, Frisch M (2008) Risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vagina\u2014-population-based case-control study in Denmark. Int J Cancer 122 (12): 2827\u20132834.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/73.2.391","volume":"73","author":"PA Newcomb","year":"1984","unstructured":"Newcomb PA, Weiss NS, Daling JR (1984) Incidence of vulvar carcinoma in relation to menstrual, reproductive, and medical factors. J Natl Cancer Inst 73 (2): 391\u2013396.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR19","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (2014) Cancer Statistics Registrations, England, Series MB1. Available at \n                    http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/publications\/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm:77-262496\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1008","volume":"48","author":"F Parazzini","year":"1993","unstructured":"Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, Garsia S, Negri E, Sideri M, Rognoni MT, Origoni M (1993) Determinants of invasive vulvar cancer risk: an Italian case-control study. Gynecol Oncol 48: 50\u201355.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR21","unstructured":"StataCorp (2015) Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. StataCorp LP: College Station, TX, USA."},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279400020341","volume":"16","author":"P Townsend","year":"1987","unstructured":"Townsend P (1987) Deprivation. J Soc Policy 16: 125\u2013146.","journal-title":"J Soc Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFbjc2016165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0209","volume":"18","author":"HP van de Nieuwenhof","year":"2009","unstructured":"van de Nieuwenhof HP, van Kempen LCLT, de Hullu JA, Bekkers RLMM, Bulten J, Melchers WJGG, Massuger LFAG (2009) The etiologic role of HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma fine tuned. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 18 (7): 2061\u20132067.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webb PM (2013) Obesity and gynecologic cancer etiology and survival. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book doi:10.1200\/EdBook_AM.2013.33.e222.","DOI":"10.1200\/EdBook_AM.2013.33.e222"},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR25","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2000) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology 3rd edn World Health Organization, Available at: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/adaptations\/oncology\/en\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"BFbjc2016165_CR26","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems\u201310th Revision."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2016165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2016165","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2016165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T13:32:42Z","timestamp":1684416762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc2016165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BFbjc2016165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2016.165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0920","1532-1827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0920","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-1827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2016","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2016","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}