{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:49:40Z","timestamp":1778543380332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":150,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most antiviral therapies directed against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are limited to a small group of nucleoside analogues that target the viral polymerase. Extensive clinical use of these drugs has led to the emergence of resistant viral strains, mainly in immunocompromised patients. This highlights the need for the development of new anti\u2010herpesviral drugs with novel targets. Herein the effects of a plant anthraquinone, emodin, on the HSV\u20101 alkaline nuclease activity and virus yields were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title><jats:p>HSV\u20101 alkaline nuclease activity was examined by nuclease activity assay. Inhibition of virus yields was measured by plaque reduction assay and immunohistochemical staining. Interaction between emodin and alkaline nuclease was analysed by docking technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emodin specifically inhibited the nuclease activity of HSV\u20101 UL12 alkaline nuclease in a biochemical assay. Plaque reduction assay revealed that emodin reduced the plaque formation with an EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 21.5\u00b14.4\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>. Immunohistochemical staining using the anti\u2010nucleocapsid protein antibody demonstrated that emodin induced the accumulation of viral nucleocapsids in the nucleus in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Docking analysis further suggested that the inhibitory effect of emodin on the UL12 activity may result from the interaction between emodin and critical catalytic amino acid residues of UL12.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and implications:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that emodin is a potent anti\u2010HSV agent that inhibits the yields of HSV\u20101 via the suppression of a novel target, UL12.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2008) <jats:bold>155<\/jats:bold>, 227\u2013235; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/bjp.2008.242\">10.1038\/bjp.2008.242<\/jats:ext-link>; published online 16 June 2008<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,16]],"date-time":"2008-06-16T10:18:02Z","timestamp":1213611482000},"page":"227-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Emodin is a novel alkaline nuclease inhibitor that suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 yields in cell cultures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"C\u2010Y","family":"Hsiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u2010Y","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(92)90091-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004257200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.66.1.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.3.2008-2013.1996","article-title":"Purification and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 alkaline exonuclease expressed in Escherichia coli","volume":"70","author":"Bronstein JC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio229013a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki586"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071460f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.192.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01923366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"BR302","article-title":"Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by emodin","volume":"12","author":"Dang S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.242-249.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.6.1798-1804.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(00)00169-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.6.1338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152607780090766"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3460441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"Antiviral Susceptibility Testing. 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