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Neuroinflammation is a major host defense mechanism designed to restore normal structure and function after CNS insult, but like other forms of inflammation, chronic neuroinflammation may contribute to pathogenesis. The inducible haeme oxygenase isoform, haeme oxygenase\u20101 (HO\u20101), is a phase 2 enzyme upregulated in response to electrophilic xenobiotics, oxidative stress, cellular injury and disease. There is emerging evidence that HO\u20101 expression helps mediate the resolution of inflammation, including neuroinflammation. Whether this is solely because of the catabolism of haeme or includes additional mechanisms is unclear. This review provides a brief background on the molecular biology and biochemistry of haeme oxygenases and the actions of haeme, bilirubin, iron and carbon monoxide in the CNS. It then presents our current state of knowledge regarding HO\u20101 expression in the CNS, regulation of HO\u20101 induction in neural cells and discusses the prospect of pharmacological manipulation of HO\u20101 as therapy for CNS disorders. Because of recognized species and cellular differences in HO\u20101 regulation, a major objective of this review is to draw attention to areas where gaps exist in the experimental record regarding regulation of HO\u20101 in neural cells. The results indicate the HO\u20101 system to be an important therapeutic target in CNS disorders, but our understanding of HO\u20101 expression in human neural cells is severely lacking.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic>(2008)<jats:bold>155<\/jats:bold>, 623\u2013640; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/bjp.2008.342\">10.1038\/bjp.2008.342<\/jats:ext-link>; published online 15 September 2008<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,16]],"date-time":"2008-09-16T08:49:46Z","timestamp":1221554986000},"page":"623-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Regulation of haeme oxygenase\u20101 for treatment of neuroinflammation and brain disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"P 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