{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:48:43Z","timestamp":1785804523364,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]],"date-time":"2012-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326931200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Death Dis"],"DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2011.140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]],"date-time":"2012-01-19T13:10:38Z","timestamp":1326978638000},"page":"e254-e254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Involvement of Kv1.3 and p38 MAPK signaling in HIV-1 glycoprotein 120-induced microglia neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b","volume":"69","author":"A Antinori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, Brew BJ, Byrd DA, Cherner M et al. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007; 69: 1789\u20131799.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1124","volume":"54","author":"JD Glass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glass JD, Wesselingh SL . Microglia in HIV-associated neurological diseases. Microsc Res Tech 2001; 54: 95\u2013105.","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780597961","volume":"14","author":"ST Dheen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dheen ST, Kaur C, Ling EA . Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases. Curr Med Chem 2007; 14: 1189\u20131197.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00201-2","volume":"94","author":"A Wickenden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wickenden A . K(+) channels as therapeutic drug targets. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 94: 157\u2013182.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.10.006","volume":"111","author":"SI Judge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Judge SI, Bever Jr CT . Potassium channel blockers in multiple sclerosis: neuronal Kv channels and effects of symptomatic treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111: 224\u2013259.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5442-6","volume":"257","author":"L Flet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flet L, Polard E, Guillard O, Leray E, Allain H, Javaudin L et al. 3,4-diaminopyridine safety in clinical practice: an observational, retrospective cohort study. J Neurol 2010; 257: 937\u2013946.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.03.010","volume":"25","author":"KG Chandy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chandy KG, Wulff H, Beeton C, Pennington M, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD . K+ channels as targets for specific immunomodulation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004; 25: 280\u2013289.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2 Part 1","key":"BFcddis2011140_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C327","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.275.2.C327","volume":"275","author":"C Eder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eder C . Ion channels in microglia (brain macrophages). Am J Physiol 1998; 275 (2 Part 1): C327\u2013C342.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020046","volume":"475","author":"W Norenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Norenberg W, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Illes P . Voltage-dependent potassium channels in activated rat microglia. J Physiol 1994; 475: 15\u201332.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00398-O","volume":"64","author":"HG Fischer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fischer HG, Eder C, Hadding U, Heinemann U . Cytokine-dependent K+ channel profile of microglia at immunologically defined functional states. Neuroscience 1995; 64: 183\u2013191.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1123","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.4.C1123","volume":"279","author":"T Schilling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schilling T, Quandt FN, Cherny VV, Zhou W, Heinemann U, Decoursey TE et al. Upregulation of Kv1.3 K(+) channels in microglia deactivated by TGF-beta. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000; 279: C1123\u2013C1134.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1117","volume":"54","author":"W Walz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Walz W, Bekar LK . Ion channels in cultured microglia. Microsc Res Tech 2001; 54: 26\u201333.","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.003","volume":"48","author":"K Farber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Farber K, Kettenmann H . Physiology of microglial cells. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2005; 48: 133\u2013143.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-008-9135-1","volume":"4","author":"H Gendelman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gendelman H, Ding S, Nan G, Liu J, Ramirez S, Persidsky Y et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 regulates voltage-gated K+ channels and macrophage transmigration. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 2009; 4: 47\u201359.","journal-title":"J NeuroImmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1251-05.2005","volume":"25","author":"CB Fordyce","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fordyce CB, Jagasia R, Zhu X, Schlichter LC . Microglia Kv1.3 channels contribute to their ability to kill neurons. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 7139\u20137149.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04889.x","volume":"103","author":"N Nutile-McMenemy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nutile-McMenemy N, Elfenbein A, Deleo JA . Minocycline decreases in vitro microglial motility, beta1-integrin, and Kv1.3 channel expression. J Neurochem 2007; 103: 2035\u20132046.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21171","volume":"56","author":"C Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu C, Liu J, Chen L, Liang S, Fujii N, Tamamura H et al. HIV-1 gp120 enhances outward potassium current via CXCR4 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase a signaling in cultured rat microglia. Glia 2011; 56: 997\u20131007.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070763","volume":"12","author":"J Kawanokuchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kawanokuchi J, Mizuno T, Takeuchi H, Kato H, Wang J, Mitsuma N et al. Production of interferon-gamma by microglia. Mult Scler 2006; 12: 558\u2013564.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.10.020","volume":"35","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Claflin J, Wang X, Lengi A, Kikuchi T . Microglia and macrophages as innate producers of interferon-gamma in the brain following infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 2005; 35: 83\u201390.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10826","volume":"75","author":"A Bachis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bachis A, Mocchetti I . The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and not the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediates gp120 neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci Res 2004; 75: 75\u201382.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70230-1","volume":"8","author":"J Hesselgesser","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hesselgesser J, Taub D, Baskar P, Greenberg M, Hoxie J, Kolson DL et al. Neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 gp120 and the chemokine SDF-1 alpha is mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Curr Biol 1998; 8: 595\u2013598.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10161","volume":"40","author":"UK Hanisch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hanisch UK . Microglia as a source and target of cytokines. Glia 2002; 40: 140\u2013155.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10155","volume":"40","author":"GA Garden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garden GA . Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration. Glia 2002; 40: 240\u2013251.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20562","volume":"81","author":"SU Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim SU, de Vellis J . Microglia in health and disease. J Neurosci Res 2005; 81: 302\u2013313.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/35073667","volume":"410","author":"M Kaul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaul M, Garden GA, Lipton SA . Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia. Nature 2001; 410: 988\u2013994.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11091","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011091","volume":"5","author":"J Makela","year":"2010","unstructured":"Makela J, Koivuniemi R, Korhonen L, Lindholm D . Interferon-gamma produced by microglia and the neuropeptide PACAP have opposite effects on the viability of neural progenitor cells. PLoS One 2010; 5: e11091.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10680","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-24-10680.1999","volume":"19","author":"SA Kotecha","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotecha SA, Schlichter LC . A Kv1.5 to Kv1.3 switch in endogenous hippocampal microglia and a role in proliferation. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 10680\u201310693.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006770","volume":"4","author":"A Menteyne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Menteyne A, Levavasseur F, Audinat E, Avignone E . Predominant functional expression of Kv1.3 by activated microglia of the hippocampus after Status epilepticus. PLoS One 2009; 4: e6770.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2000.0688","volume":"12","author":"YB Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee YB, Schrader JW, Kim SU . p38 map kinase regulates TNF-alpha production in human astrocytes and microglia by multiple mechanisms. Cytokine 2000; 12: 874\u2013880.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1208","volume":"66","author":"Y Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu L, Barger SW, Mrak RE, Griffin WS . Vitamin E suppression of microglial activation is neuroprotective. J Neurosci Res 2001; 66: 163\u2013170.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902535","volume":"185","author":"KE Medders","year":"2010","unstructured":"Medders KE, Sejbuk NE, Maung R, Desai MK, Kaul M . Activation of p38 MAPK is required in monocytic and neuronal cells for HIV glycoprotein 120-induced neurotoxicity. J Immunol 2010; 185: 4883\u20134895.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.10.2909","volume":"98","author":"M Del Corno","year":"2001","unstructured":"Del Corno M, Liu QH, Schols D, de Clercq E, Gessani S, Freedman BD et al. HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine activation of Pyk2 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in primary macrophages mediated by calcium-dependent, pertussis toxin-insensitive chemokine receptor signaling. Blood 2001; 98: 2909\u20132916.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0503206","volume":"74","author":"C Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee C, Liu QH, Tomkowicz B, Yi Y, Freedman BD, Collman RG . Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited signaling pathways. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 74: 676\u2013682.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210113","volume":"21","author":"D Stefoski","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stefoski D, Davis FA, Faut M, Schauf CL . 4-Aminopyridine improves clinical signs in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1987; 21: 71\u201377.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90329-W","volume":"116","author":"HA van Diemen","year":"1993","unstructured":"van Diemen HA, Polman CH, van Dongen MM, Nauta JJ, Strijers RL, van Loenen AC et al. 4-Aminopyridine induces functional improvement in multiple sclerosis patients: a neurophysiological study. J Neurol Sci 1993; 116: 220\u2013226.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-011-1048-y","volume":"27","author":"R Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi R, Sun W . Potassium channel blockers as an effective treatment to restore impulse conduction in injured axons. Neurosci Bull 2011; 27: 36\u201344.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605136103","volume":"103","author":"C Beeton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beeton C, Wulff H, Standifer NE, Azam P, Mullen KM, Pennington MW et al. Kv1.3 channels are a therapeutic target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 17414\u201317419.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200418050-00005","volume":"18","author":"R Vianna-Jorge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vianna-Jorge R, Suarez-Kurtz G . Potassium channels in T lymphocytes: therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders? BioDrugs 2004; 18: 329\u2013341.","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2005.12.007","volume":"27","author":"B Goffe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goffe B, Papp K, Gratton D, Krueger GG, Darif M, Lee S et al. An integrated analysis of thirteen trials summarizing the long-term safety of alefacept in psoriasis patients who have received up to nine courses of therapy. Clin Ther 2005; 27: 1912\u20131921.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"BFcddis2011140_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmh069","volume":"51","author":"F Esamai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Esamai F, Tenge CN, Ayuo PO, Ong\u2019or WO, Obala A, Jakait B . A randomized open label clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous quinine followed by oral malarone versus intravenous quinine followed by oral quinine in the treatment of severe malaria. J Trop Pediatr 2005; 51: 17\u201324.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Cell Death &amp; Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cddis2011140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cddis2011140","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cddis2011140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T23:40:38Z","timestamp":1672962038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cddis2011140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFcddis2011140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2011.140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-4889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-4889","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2011","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2011","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2012","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}