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Both <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> cauda epididymis sperm count and sperm motility were ~20 \u00d7 less than control. <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> seminiferous tubules had relatively normal presence of spermatogonia and spermatocytes but had reduced spermatids and sperm. Spatiotemporal expression analyses in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup> testes demonstrated prominent <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic> transcriptional activity in spermatocytes with a plateau reached around postnatal day 28. Seipin protein localization was most abundant in postmeiotic spermatids, suggesting translational repression of <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic> mRNA in spermatocytes. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> end-labeling plus detected increased spermatid apoptosis in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> testis and annexin V detected increased percentage of positive <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> round spermatids compared with control. Immunofluorescence of marker proteins synaptonemal complex proteins 3 and 1 (SYCP3 and SYCP1), and H3K9me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9) in germ cell spreads detected normal meiotic chromosome pairing and homologous chromosome synapsis in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> spermatocytes, but significantly increased percentages of round spermatids with chromocenter fragmentation and late spermatids and sperm with chromatin vacuoles, indicating defective chromatin condensation in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> spermatids. <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> late spermatids were disorganized within the seminiferous epithelium, despite normal appearance of Sertoli cells detected by vimentin immunofluorescence. Peanut agglutinin staining revealed various abnormalities of acrosomes in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> late spermatids, including the absence, irregular-shaped, and fragmented acrosomes, indicating defective acrosome formation in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> late spermatids, which may affect late spermatid orientation in the seminiferous epithelium. Mitotracker strongly stained the midpiece of control sperm but only very weakly labeled the midpiece of <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> sperm, indicating defective mitochondrial activity that most likely contributed to reduced <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> sperm motility. These data demonstrate novel roles of seipin in spermatid chromatin integrity, acrosome formation, and mitochondrial activity. Increased spermatid apoptosis, increased chromocenter fragmentation, defective chromatin condensation, abnormal acrosome formation, and defective mitochondrial activity contributed to decreased sperm production and defective sperm that resulted in <jats:italic>Bscl2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T12:48:04Z","timestamp":1437050884000},"page":"e1817-e1817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Seipin deficiency increases chromocenter fragmentation and disrupts acrosome formation leading to male infertility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"A E","family":"El Zowalaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"De La Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1037-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"X","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFcddis2015188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/ng585","volume":"28","author":"J Magre","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magre J, Delepine M, Khallouf E, Gedde-Dahl Jr T, Van Maldergem L, Sobel E et al. 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