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Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested from rat bone marrow. PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic>-overexpressed MSCs and control MSCs were transplanted into infarct border zones in a rat AMI model. MSCs and PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic> distribution and expression of principal proteins involved in PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic> signaling through the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)\/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)\/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot 1 day after transplantation. Echocardiographic measurements and histologic studies were performed at 4 weeks after transplantation, and MSC survival, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (TGF<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), von Willebrand factor (vWF), smooth muscle actin (SMA) and factor VIII and apoptosis in infarct border zones were assessed. Rat heart muscles retained more MSCs and SDF-1, CXCR4, PI3K and phosphorylated AKT increased with PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic> overexpression 1 day after transplantation. MSC survival and VEGF, bFGF, TGF<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, cTnI, vWF, SMA and factor VIII expression increased in animals with PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic>-overexpressed MSCs at 4 weeks after transplantation and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling improved. Infarct size and apoptosis decreased as well. Inhibitory actions of CXCR4 or PI3K partly attenuated the effects of PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic>. Activation of PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic> may improve retention, survival and differentiation of transplanted MSCs in myocardia. Augmentation of PKC<jats:italic>\u025b<\/jats:italic> expression may enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy for AMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T14:06:56Z","timestamp":1453126016000},"page":"e2056-e2056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Overexpression of protein kinase C \u025b improves retention and survival of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in rat acute myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"H","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z-H","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F-S","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X-H","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y-J","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFcddis2015417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318245fac5","volume":"125","author":"VL Roger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB et al. 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