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Here, we found that IL-33 was abundantly increased in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis, especially the chondrocytes of weight-bearing cartilage. Furthermore, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) released from damaged articular chondrocytes induced by mechanical stretching upregulated IL-33 expression to a greater degree than IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. dsRNA induced IL-33 expression via the TLR3-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-nuclear factor-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B (NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B) pathway. In addition, formation of the p65 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor<jats:italic>-\u03b3<\/jats:italic> transcriptional complex was required for dsRNA-induced IL-33 expression. IL-33, in turn, acted on chondrocytes to induce matrix metalloproteinase-1\/13 and inhibit type II collagen expression. These findings reveal that dsRNA released from damaged articular chondrocytes promotes cartilage degeneration via the TLR3-IL-33 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]],"date-time":"2017-11-02T19:35:30Z","timestamp":1509651330000},"page":"e3165-e3165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Double-stranded RNA released from damaged articular chondrocytes promotes cartilage degeneration via Toll-like receptor 3-interleukin-33 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9324-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaizhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianfu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFcddis2017534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37868","volume":"65","author":"M Radwan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Radwan M, Gavriilidis C, Robinson JH, Davidson R, Clark IM, Rowan AD et al. 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