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However, the mechanisms by which MuV infection damages male germ cells remain unclear. The present study showed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) is produced by mouse Sertoli cells in response to MuV infection, which induces germ cell apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a functional receptor of CXCL10, is constitutively expressed in male germ cells. Neutralizing antibodies against CXCR3 and an inhibitor of caspase-3 activation significantly inhibited CXCL10-induced male germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(TNF<jats:italic>-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) upregulated CXCL10 production in Sertoli cells after MuV infection. The knockout of either CXCL10 or TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>reduced germ cell apoptosis in the co-cultures of germ cells and Sertoli cells in response to MuV infection. Local injection of MuV into the testes of mice confirmed the involvement of CXCL10 in germ cell apoptosis<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. These results provide novel insights into MuV-induced germ cell apoptosis in the testis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T12:45:50Z","timestamp":1509021950000},"page":"e3146-e3146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 produced by mouse Sertoli cells in response to mumps virus infection induces male germ cell apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maolei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daishu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFcddis2017560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680609901116","volume":"99","author":"M Masarani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Masarani M, Wazait H, Dinneen M . 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