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Slowing its progression means to prevent uremic complications and improve quality of life of patients. Currently, a low-protein diet (LPD) is one of the tools most used in renal conservative therapy but a possible risk connected to LPD is protein-energy wasting. The aim of this study is evaluate the possible correlation between LPD and malnutrition onset. We enrolled 41 CKD patients, stages IIIb\/IV according to K-DIGO guidelines, who followed for 6 weeks a diet with controlled protein intake (recommended dietary allowance 0.7\u2009g per kilogram Ideal Body Weight per day of protein). Our patients showed a significant decrease of serum albumin values after 6 weeks of LDP (T2) compared with baseline values (T0) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.039), whereas C-reactive protein increased significantly (T0 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> T2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.131). From body composition analysis, a significant impairment of fat-free mass percentage at the end of the study was demonstrated (T0 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> T2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0489), probably related to total body water increase. The muscular mass, body cell mass and body cell mass index are significantly decreased after 6 weeks of LDP (T2). The phase angle is significantly reduced at the end of the study compared with basal values (T0 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> T2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0001, and T1 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> T2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0015). This study indicated that LPD slows down the progression of kidney disease but worsens patients' nutritional state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2016.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T05:20:26Z","timestamp":1462771226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Is low-protein diet a possible risk factor of malnutrition in chronic kidney disease patients?"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Noce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M F","family":"Vidiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Marrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Moriconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bocedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Capria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Rovella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"De Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Di Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFcddiscovery201626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E417","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.120833","volume":"185","author":"P Arora","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arora P, Vasa P, Brenner D, Iglar K, McFarlane P, Morrison H et al. 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