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They do so by creating an immunoregulatory environment that promotes their own survival, but paradoxically also benefits the host by protecting against the onset of many inflammatory diseases. To harness the therapeutic value of hookworms without using live parasites, we have examined the protective properties of the recombinant protein anti\u2010inflammatory protein (AIP)\u20101, secreted in abundance by hookworms within the intestinal mucosa, in experimental colitis. Colitic inflammation assessed by weight loss, colon atrophy, oedema, ulceration and necrosis, as well as abdominal adhesion was significantly suppressed in mice treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of AIP\u20101 at 1\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Local infiltration of inflammatory cells was also significantly reduced, with minimal goblet cell loss and preserved mucosal architecture. Treatment with AIP\u20101 promoted the production of colon interleukin (IL)\u201010, transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b2 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), resulting in the suppression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, IL\u201013 and IL\u201017\u2009A cytokines and granulocyte macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF), CX motif chemokine (CXCL)\u201011 and cyclooxygenase synthase (COX)\u20102 mRNA transcripts. AIP\u20101 promoted the accumulation of regulatory T cells in the colon likely allowing rapid healing of the colon mucosa. Hookworm recombinant AIP\u20101 is a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases that can be explored for the prevention of acute inflammatory relapses, an important cause of colorectal cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2017.42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T15:29:20Z","timestamp":1508858960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Suppression of inflammation and tissue damage by a hookworm recombinant protein in experimental colitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ivana B","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Biodiversity and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health Medicine, James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren 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