{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:30:16Z","timestamp":1781019016214,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T10:04:44Z","timestamp":1331719484000},"page":"751-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among non-pregnant Jordanian women of reproductive age"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"E K","family":"Nichols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I M D","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N J","family":"Aburto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K M","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K S","family":"Scanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J P","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M K","family":"Serdula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0954-6","volume":"20","author":"A Mithal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mithal A, Wahl DA, Bonjour JP, Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Eisman JA et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20, 1807\u20131820.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2.3.3280376","volume":"2","author":"HF DeLuca","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLuca HF . The Vitamin D story: a collaborative effort of basic science and clinical medicine. FASEB J 1988; 2, 224\u2013236.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR3","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"MF Holick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Holick MF . Vitamin D. In: Shiles ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross CA (eds). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edn. Williams & Williams: Baltimore, MD, USA, 1999, pp 329\u2013345."},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198904133201506","volume":"320","author":"H Reichel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reichel H, Koeffler HP, Norman AW . The role of vitamin D endocrine system in health and disease. N Engl J Med 1989; 320, 980\u2013991.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR5","unstructured":"IOM. Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press: Washington, DC, 2011."},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4065\/81.3.353","volume":"81","author":"MF Holick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holick MF . High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81, 353\u2013373.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.187","volume":"76","author":"S Nesby-O\u2019Dell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nesby-O\u2019Dell S, Scanlon KS, Cogswell ME, Gillespie C, Hollis BW, Looker AC et al. Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76, 187\u2013192.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.9.1856","volume":"15","author":"MH Gannag\u00e9-Yared","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gannag\u00e9-Yared MH, Chemali R, Yaacoub N, Halaby G . Hypovitaminosis D in a sunny country: relation to lifestyle and bone markers. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15, 1856\u20131862.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.3.638S","volume":"61","author":"MF Holick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Holick MF . Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61, 638\u2013645.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90214-8","volume":"1","author":"TL Clemens","year":"1982","unstructured":"Clemens TL, Adams JS, Henderson SL, Holick MF . Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesize vitamin D3 . Lancet 1982; 1, 74\u201376.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick MF . Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357, 266\u2013281.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1658-6","volume":"16","author":"N Meddeb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meddeb N, Sahli H, Chahed M, Abdelmoula J, Feki M, Salah H et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Tunisia. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16, 180\u2013183.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.99","volume":"63","author":"MA Gharaibeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gharaibeh MA, Stoecker BJ . Assessment of serum 25(OH)D concentration in women of childbearing age and their preschool children in Northern Jordan during summer. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63, 1320\u20131326.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.01.009","volume":"38","author":"F Allali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allali F, El Aichaoui S, Khazani H, Benyahia B, Saoud B, El Kabbaj S et al. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Morocco: relationship to lifestyle, physical performance, bone markers, and bone mineral density. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2009; 38, 444\u2013451.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00591-9","volume":"29","author":"A Rassoull","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rassoull A, Milanian I, Moslemi-Zadeh M . Determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in early postmenopausal Iranian women: relationship with bone mineral density. Bone 2001; 29, 428\u2013430.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1458-4","volume":"14","author":"S Shilbayeh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shilbayeh S . Prevalence of osteoporosis and its reproductive risk factors among Jordanian women: a cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int 2003; 14, 929\u2013940.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343702","volume":"23","author":"F Alag\u00f6l","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alag\u00f6l F, Shihadeh Y, Boztepe H, Tanakol R, Yarman S, Azizlerli H et al. Sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency in Turkish women. J Endocrinol Invest 2000; 23, 173\u2013177.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000323097","volume":"58","author":"A Batieha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Batieha A, Khader Y, Jaddou H, Hyassat D, Batieha Z, Khateeb M et al. Vitamin D status in Jordan: dress style and gender discrepancies. Ann Nutr Metab 2011; 58, 10\u201318.","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932098004313","volume":"30","author":"A Dawodu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dawodu A, Absood G, Patel M, Agarwal M, Ezimokhai M, Abdulrazzaq Y et al. Biosocial factors affecting vitamin D status of women of childbearing age in the United Arab Emirates. J Biosoc Sci 1998; 30, 431\u2013437.","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR20","first-page":"315","volume":"50","author":"MR el-Sonbaty","year":"1996","unstructured":"el-Sonbaty MR, Abdul-Ghaffar NU . Vitamin D deficiency in veiled Kuwaiti women. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996; 50, 315\u2013318.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508023404","volume":"101","author":"MH Gannag\u00e9-Yared","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gannag\u00e9-Yared MH, Maalouf G, Khalife S, Challita S, Yaghi Y, Ziade N et al. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D inadequacy amongst Lebanese ostoporotic women. Br J Nutr 2009; 101, 487\u2013491.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0297-y","volume":"27","author":"T G\u00fcler","year":"2007","unstructured":"G\u00fcler T, Sivas F, Ba\u00b0kan BM, G\u00fcnesen O, Alemdaro\u2202lu E, Ozoran K . The effect of outfitting style on bone mineral density. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27, 723\u2013727.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1089\/15246090152636523","volume":"10","author":"R Guzel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guzel R, Kozanoglu E, Guler-Uysal F, Soyupak S, Sarpel T . Vitamin D status and bone mineral density of veiled and unveiled Turkish women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2001; 10, 765\u2013770.","journal-title":"J Womens Health Gend Based Med"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.1.35","volume":"15","author":"RD Hobbs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hobbs RD, Habib Z, Alromaihi D, Idi L, Parikh N, Blocki F et al. Severe vitamin D deficiency in Arab-American women living in Dearborn, Michigan. Endocr Pract 2009; 15, 35\u201340.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170021","volume":"12","author":"AA Mishal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mishal AA . Effects of different dress styles on vitamin D levels in healthy young Jordanian women. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12, 931\u2013935.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR26","unstructured":"World Climate Guide. Jordan Climate Guides (cited 16 December 2011). Available from http:\/\/www.worldclimateguide.co.uk\/climateguides\/jordan\/."},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2007.007091","volume":"45","author":"HJ Roth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roth HJ, Schmidt-Gayk H, Weber H, Niederau C . Accuracy and clinical implications of seven 25-hydroxyvitamin D methods compared with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a reference. Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45, 153\u2013159.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR28","unstructured":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Vitamin A Laboratory External Quality Assurance Program, (Internet) 26 May 2009; (cited 2 February 2012). Available from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/immpact\/projects\/initiatives\/vitamina.html."},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","volume":"3","author":"Z Bursac","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW . Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol Med 1998; 3, 17.","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402316","volume":"340","author":"GE Fuleihan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fuleihan GE, Deeb M . Hypovitaminosis D in a sunny country. N Engl J Med 1999; 340, 1840\u20131841.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR31","unstructured":"DEQAS Report. Charing Cross Hospital: London, UK, 2011."},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR32","first-page":"81","volume":"15","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Islam MZ, Akhtaruzzaman M, Lamberg-Allardt C . Hypovitaminosis D is common in both veiled and nonveiled Bangladeshi women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006; 15, 81\u201387.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112134","volume":"76","author":"J MacLaughlin","year":"1985","unstructured":"MacLaughlin J, Holick MF . Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest 1985; 76, 1536\u20131538.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-38","volume":"4","author":"S Hashemipour","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hashemipour S, Larijani G, Adibi H, Javadi E, Sedaghat M, Pajouhi M et al. Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran. BMC Public Health 2004; 4, 38.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/38.1.129","volume":"38","author":"SH Sedrani","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sedrani SH, Elidrissy AW, El Arabi KM . Sunlight and vitamin D status in normal Saudi subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 38, 129\u2013132.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.67","volume":"65","author":"B Dawson-Hughes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE . Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65, 67\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.4.929","volume":"66","author":"PF Jacques","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jacques PF, Felson DT, Tucker KL, Mahnken B, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its determinants in an elderly population sample. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66, 929\u2013936.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601952","volume":"58","author":"BM VanAmerongen","year":"2004","unstructured":"VanAmerongen BM, Dijkstra CD, Lips P, Polman CH . Multiple sclerosis and vitamin D: an update. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58, 1095\u20131109.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR39","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients,","author":"L Allen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Allen L, de Benoist B, Dary O, Hurrell R . Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients,. World Health Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, WHO Press: Geneva, Switzerland: 2006, p 376."},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.123","volume":"136","author":"AM Natri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Natri AM, Salo P, Vikstedt T, Palssa A, Huttunen M, K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen MU et al. Bread fortified with cholecalciferol increases the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in women as effectively as a cholecalciferol supplement. J Nutr 2006; 136, 123\u2013127.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn201225_CR41","unstructured":"A2Z, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Academy for Educational Development (AED), Palestinian Authority, American Near East Refugee Aid (ANERA). Determining the Dietary Patterns and Biochemical Markers Among Women and Children in Hebron and Gaza City: A2Z Project\u20132010 (cited 10 August 2011). Available from http:\/\/www.a2zproject.org\/pdf\/Dietary_SURVEY.pdf."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn201225","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn201225.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn201225.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T13:21:37Z","timestamp":1648214497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn201225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFejcn201225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2012.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-3007","1476-5640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-3007","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2012","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2012","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2012","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}