{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:16:36Z","timestamp":1776089796679,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T10:01:35Z","timestamp":1444212095000},"page":"222-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evidence of impaired carbohydrate assimilation in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Heckl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Reiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A K","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Scheurlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Contemporary Endocrinology: Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology","author":"F Latrofa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Latrofa F, Pinchera A . Autoimmune hypothyroidism. In: Weetman AP (ed.) Contemporary Endocrinology: Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology. Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2008, pp 151\u2013152."},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181d6bc3e","volume":"44","author":"EC Ebert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ebert EC . The thyroid and the gut. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 44: 402\u2013406.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000351249","volume":"2","author":"KA Iwen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iwen KA, Schroder E, Brant G . Thyroid hormones and the metabolic syndrome. Eur Thyroid J 2013; 2: 83\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3390233","volume":"339","author":"M Matosin-Matekalo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matosin-Matekalo M, Mesonero JE, Laroche TJ, Lacasa M, Brot-Laroche E . Glucose and thyroid hormone co-regulate the expression of the intestinal fructose transporter GLUT5. Biochem J 1999; 339: 233\u2013239.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.06.012","volume":"359","author":"K Mochizuki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mochizuki K, Sakaguchi N, Takabe S, Goda T . De-phosphorylation of TRalpha-1 by p44\/42 MAPK inhibition enhances T(3)-mediated GLUT5 gene expression in the intestinal cell line Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359: 979\u2013984.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199911000-00017","volume":"29","author":"IM Monteiro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Monteiro IM, Jiang L, Ferraris RP . Dietary modulation of intestinal fructose transport and GLUT5 mRNA expression in hypothyroid rat pups. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: 563\u2013570.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0606","volume":"92","author":"EC Lauritano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lauritano EC, Bilotta AL, Gabrielli M et al. Association between hypothyroidism and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4180\u20134184.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i24.2978","volume":"16","author":"J Bures","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bures J, Cyrany J, Kohoutova D et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 2978\u20132990.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i43.5687","volume":"13","author":"P Born","year":"2007","unstructured":"Born P . Carbohydrate malabsorption in patients with non-specific abdominal complaints. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 5687\u20135691.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03557.x","volume":"27","author":"MC Lomer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lomer MC, Parkes GC, Sanderson JD . Lactose intolerance in clinical practice\u2014myths and realities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27: 93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03186.x","volume":"25","author":"PR Gibson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gibson PR, Newnham E, Barrett JS, Shepherd SJ, Muir JG . Fructose malabsorption and the bigger picture. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 349\u2013363.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1454","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1217","volume":"99","author":"M Cellini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cellini M, Santaguida MG, Gatto I et al. Systematic appraisal of lactose intolerance as cause of increased need for oral thyroxine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: E1454\u2013E1458.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005527230346","volume":"45","author":"M Ledochowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ledochowski M, Widner B, Sperner-Unterweger B, Propst T, Vogel W, Fuchs D . Carbohydrate malabsorption syndromes and early signs of mental depression in females. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45: 1255\u20131259.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.11.2013","volume":"45","author":"M Ledochowski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ledochowski M, Uberall F, Propst T, Fuchs D . Fructose malabsorption is associated with lower plasma folic acid concentrations in middle-aged subjects. Clin Chem 1999; 45: 2013\u20132014.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.4.745","volume":"47","author":"M Ledochowski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ledochowski M, Widner B, Murr C, Fuchs D . Decreased serum zinc in fructose malabsorbers. Clini Chem 2001; 47: 745\u2013747.","journal-title":"Clini Chem"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4709-9_9","volume":"467","author":"M Ledochowski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ledochowski M, Widner B, Propst-Braunsteiner T, Vogel W, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D . Fructose malabsorption is associated with decreased plasma tryptophan. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 467: 73\u201378.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFejcn2015167_CR17","first-page":"S1","volume":"29","author":"A Gasbarrini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gasbarrini A, Corazza GR, Gasbarrini G et al. Methodology and indications of H2-breath testing in gastrointestinal diseases: the Rome Consensus Conference. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29 (Suppl 1), S1\u2013S49.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/482027a","volume":"482","author":"RH Lustig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lustig RH, Schmidt LA, Brindis CD . Public health: the toxic truth about sugar. Nature 2012; 482: 27\u201329.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR19","first-page":"160","volume":"10","author":"MB Vos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vos MB, Kimmons JE, Gillespie C, Welsh J, Blanck HM . Dietary fructose consumption among US children and adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medscape J Med 2008; 10: 160.","journal-title":"Medscape J Med"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529209000148","volume":"27","author":"JJ Rumessen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rumessen JJ . Fructose and related food carbohydrates. Sources, intake, absorption, and clinical implications. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 819\u2013828.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2009","volume":"90","author":"L Tappy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tappy L, Le KA . Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev 2010; 90: 23\u201346.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32834ddb27","volume":"24","author":"N Stathatos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stathatos N, Daniels GH . Autoimmune thyroid disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24: 70\u201375.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9703-2","volume":"42","author":"DS McLeod","year":"2012","unstructured":"McLeod DS, Cooper DS . The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine 2012; 42: 252\u2013265.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2010.06.006","volume":"71","author":"M Rizzo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rizzo M, Rossi RT, Bonaffini O et al. Increased annual frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis between years 1988 and 2007 at a cytological unit of Sicily. Ann Endocrinol 2010; 71: 525\u2013534.","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-010-1082-y","volume":"105","author":"H Fink","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fink H, Hintze G . Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis): current diagnostics and therapy. Med Klin (Munich) 2010; 105: 485\u2013493.","journal-title":"Med Klin (Munich)"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.02.014","volume":"23","author":"B Braden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braden B . Methods and functions: breath tests. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 23: 337\u2013352.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1070506","volume":"106","author":"J Brunn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brunn J, Block U, Ruf G, Kunze WP . Volumetrie der Schilddr\u00fcsenlappen mittels real-time-Sonographie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1981; 106: 1338\u20131340.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1067777","volume":"113","author":"R Gutekunst","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gutekunst R, Becker A, Hehrmann R, Olbricht T, Pfannenstiel P . Ultraschalldiagnostik der Schilddr\u00fcse. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1988; 113: 1109\u20131112.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR29","unstructured":"Wetzel K, H2-Atemtests f\u00fcr die medizinische Forschung und klinische Diagnostik. Fischer Analysen Instrumente GmbH. Available at http:\/\/www.fan-gmbh.de\/docs\/h2-atemtests.pdf (accessed 17 October 2014)."},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR30","unstructured":"Neomed-Medizintechnik. HydroCheck. Available at http:\/\/www.neomed-gmbh.de\/component\/content\/article.html?id=12 (accessed 17 October 2014)."},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR31","unstructured":"Willett W, Nurses' Health Study II 2007. Available at http:\/\/www.channing.harvard.edu\/nhs\/questionnaires\/pdfs\/NHSII\/2007.pdf (accessed 17 October 2014)."},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0065-1","volume":"46","author":"M Asik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asik M, Gunes F, Binnetoglu E et al. Decrease in TSH levels after lactose restriction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with lactose intolerance. Endocrine 2014; 46: 279\u2013284.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046002","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/2\/4\/046002","volume":"2","author":"A Eisenmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eisenmann A, Amann A, Said M, Datta B, Ledochowski M . Implementation and interpretation of hydrogen breath tests. J Breath Res 2008; 2: 046002.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G155","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00139.2007","volume":"294","author":"J Garcia-Herrera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garcia-Herrera J, Marca MC, Brot-Laroche E et al. Protein kinases, TNF-{alpha}, and proteasome contribute in the inhibition of fructose intestinal transport by sepsis in vivo. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294: G155\u2013G164.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9695-y","volume":"42","author":"MH Rho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rho MH, Kim DW, Hong HP et al. Diagnostic value of antithyroid peroxidase antibody for incidental autoimmune thyroiditis based on histopathologic results. Endocrine 2012; 42: 647\u2013652.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-36","volume":"10","author":"Y Itan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Itan Y, Jones BL, Ingram CJ, Swallow DM, Thomas MG . A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10: 36.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-959320","volume":"132","author":"B Terjung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terjung B, Lammert F . Lactose intolerance: new aspects of an old problem. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007; 132: 271\u2013275.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00163.x","volume":"8","author":"SC Disse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Disse SC, Buelow A, Boedeker RH et al. Reduced prevalence of obesity in children with primary fructose malabsorption: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2013; 8: 255\u2013258.","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12134","volume":"102","author":"D Albuquerque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albuquerque D, Nobrega C, Manco L . The lactase persistence -13910C>T polymorphism shows indication of association with abdominal obesity among Portuguese children. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102: e153\u2013e157.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00580-0","volume":"311","author":"M Ledochowski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ledochowski M, Murr C, Lass-Florl C, Fuchs D . Increased serum amylase and lipase in fructose malabsorbers. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 311: 119\u2013123.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.047498","volume":"53","author":"FC Sasso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sasso FC, Carbonara O, Torella R et al. Ultrastructural changes in enterocytes in subjects with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Gut 2004; 53: 1878\u20131880.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500605","volume":"150","author":"MF Prummel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM . The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150: 605\u2013618.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFejcn2015167_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018841402133","volume":"42","author":"D Mishkin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mishkin D, Sablauskas L, Yalovsky M, Mishkin S . Fructose and sorbitol malabsorption in ambulatory patients with functional dyspepsia: comparison with lactose maldigestion\/malabsorption. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42: 2591\u20132598.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn2015167.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn2015167","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn2015167.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T13:30:14Z","timestamp":1648215014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ejcn2015167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFejcn2015167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2015.167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-3007","1476-5640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-3007","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2015","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2015","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2015","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}