{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:49:32Z","timestamp":1790668172603,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerging Microbes & Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T08:22:27Z","timestamp":1458721347000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Alum: an old dog with new tricks"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yumei","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Virology, MOE\/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"The antigenic value of toxoid precipitated by potassium alum. receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses","volume":"29","author":"Glenny AT","year":"1926","unstructured":"GlennyAT,PopeCG,WaddingtonH,WallaceV.The antigenic value of toxoid precipitated by potassium alum. receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses.J Pathol Bacteriol1926; 29:38\u201345.","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.19310640851","article-title":"\u00dcber die F\u00e4higkeit des Tonerde-Pr\u00e4parates B, Diphtherie-Toxin zu adsorbieren","volume":"64","author":"Maschmann E","year":"1931","unstructured":"MaschmannE,K\u00fcsterE,FischerW.\u00dcber die F\u00e4higkeit des Tonerde-Pr\u00e4parates B, Diphtherie-Toxin zu adsorbieren.Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft1931; 64:2174\u20132178.","journal-title":"Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/158350a0","article-title":"Purification and adsorption of diphtheria toxoid","volume":"158","author":"Ericsson H","year":"1946","unstructured":"EricssonH.Purification and adsorption of diphtheria toxoid.Nature1946; 158:350.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(91)90127-R","article-title":"The adjuvanticity of Algammulin, a new vaccine adjuvant","volume":"9","author":"Cooper PD","year":"1991","unstructured":"CooperPD,McCombC,SteeleEJ.The adjuvanticity of Algammulin, a new vaccine adjuvant.Vaccine1991; 9:408\u2013415.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.5.2409","article-title":"Adsorption to aluminum hydroxide promotes the activity of IL-12 as an adjuvant for antibody as well as type 1 cytokine responses to HIV-1 gp120","volume":"159","author":"Jankovic D","year":"1997","unstructured":"JankovicD,CasparP,ZweigMet al.Adsorption to aluminum hydroxide promotes the activity of IL-12 as an adjuvant for antibody as well as type 1 cytokine responses to HIV-1 gp120.J Immunol1997; 159:2409\u20132417.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01581.x","article-title":"Interleukin-18 plays a role in both the alum-induced T helper 2 response and the T helper 1 response induced by alum-adsorbed interleukin-12","volume":"108","author":"Pollock KG","year":"2003","unstructured":"PollockKG,ConacherM,WeiXQet al.Interleukin-18 plays a role in both the alum-induced T helper 2 response and the T helper 1 response induced by alum-adsorbed interleukin-12.Immunology2003; 108:137\u2013143.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.102.1.73","article-title":"Studies on antibody production. III. The alum granuloma","volume":"102","author":"White RG","year":"1955","unstructured":"WhiteRG,CoonsAH,ConnollyJM.Studies on antibody production. III. The alum granuloma.J Exp Med1955; 102:73\u201382.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","author":"Holt LB","year":"1950","unstructured":"HoltLB.Developments in Diphtheria Prophylaxis.London: Heinemann.1950.","journal-title":"Developments in Diphtheria Prophylaxis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-184556","article-title":"Antigen depot is not required for alum adjuvanticity","volume":"26","author":"Hutchison S","year":"2012","unstructured":"HutchisonS,BensonRA,GibsonVBet al.Antigen depot is not required for alum adjuvanticity.FASEB J2012; 26:1272\u20131279.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5191","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-275529","article-title":"Aluminum adjuvants elicit fibrin-dependent extracellular traps in vivo","volume":"116","author":"Munks MW","year":"2010","unstructured":"MunksMW,McKeeAS,MacleodMKet al.Aluminum adjuvants elicit fibrin-dependent extracellular traps in vivo.Blood2010; 116:5191\u20135199.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.078","article-title":"Effect of the strength of adsorption of hepatitis B surface antigen to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on the immune response","volume":"27","author":"Hansen B","year":"2009","unstructured":"HansenB,BelfastM,SoungGet al.Effect of the strength of adsorption of hepatitis B surface antigen to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on the immune response.Vaccine2009; 27:888\u2013892.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.06.049","article-title":"Relationship between the strength of antigen adsorption to an aluminum-containing adjuvant and the immune response","volume":"25","author":"Hansen B","year":"2007","unstructured":"HansenB,SokolovskaA,HogenEschHet al.Relationship between the strength of antigen adsorption to an aluminum-containing adjuvant and the immune response.Vaccine2007; 25:6618\u20136624.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.09.039","article-title":"Potentiation of the immune response to non-adsorbed antigens by aluminum-containing adjuvants","volume":"25","author":"Romero Mendez IZ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Romero MendezIZ,ShiY,HogenEschHet al.Potentiation of the immune response to non-adsorbed antigens by aluminum-containing adjuvants.Vaccine2007; 25:825\u2013833.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00320-13","article-title":"Increasing the potency of an alhydrogel-formulated anthrax vaccine by minimizing antigen-adjuvant interactions","volume":"20","author":"Watkinson A","year":"2013","unstructured":"WatkinsonA,SoliakovA,GanesanAet al.Increasing the potency of an alhydrogel-formulated anthrax vaccine by minimizing antigen-adjuvant interactions.Clin Vaccine Immunol2013; 20:1659\u20131668.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","author":"Janeway C","year":"2005","unstructured":"JanewayC.Immunobiology: the Immune System in Health and Disease.New York: Garland Science.2005.","journal-title":"Immunobiology: the Immune System in Health and Disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.08.002","article-title":"TLR-based immune adjuvants","volume":"29","author":"Steinhagen F","year":"2011","unstructured":"SteinhagenF,KinjoT,BodeCet al.TLR-based immune adjuvants.Vaccine2011; 29:3341\u20133355.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/ni712","article-title":"Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses","volume":"2","author":"Schnare M","year":"2001","unstructured":"SchnareM,BartonGM,HoltACet al.Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses.Nat Immunol2001; 2:947\u2013950.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135299","article-title":"Adjuvant-enhanced antibody responses in the absence of toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"314","author":"Gavin AL","year":"2006","unstructured":"GavinAL,HoebeK,DuongBet al.Adjuvant-enhanced antibody responses in the absence of toll-like receptor signaling.Science2006; 314:1936\u20131938.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101405","article-title":"The inflammasome NLRs in immunity, inflammation, and associated diseases","volume":"29","author":"Davis BK","year":"2011","unstructured":"DavisBK,WenH,TingJP.The inflammasome NLRs in immunity, inflammation, and associated diseases.Annu Rev Immunol2011; 29:707\u2013735.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12458","article-title":"Mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"1319","author":"Sutterwala FS","year":"2014","unstructured":"SutterwalaFS,HaaskenS,CasselSL.Mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Ann NY Acad Sci2014; 1319:82\u201395.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5271","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5271","article-title":"Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants activate caspase-1 and induce IL-1beta and IL-18 release","volume":"178","author":"Li H","year":"2007","unstructured":"LiH,NookalaS,ReF.Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants activate caspase-1 and induce IL-1beta and IL-18 release.J Immunol2007; 178:5271\u20135276.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6510","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006510","article-title":"Malarial hemozoin is a Nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal","volume":"4","author":"Dostert C","year":"2009","unstructured":"DostertC,GuardaG,RomeroJFet al.Malarial hemozoin is a Nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal.PLoS One2009; 4:e6510.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07281","article-title":"Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by crystalline structures via cell surface contact","volume":"4","author":"Hari A","year":"2014","unstructured":"HariA,ZhangY,TuZet al.Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by crystalline structures via cell surface contact.Sci Rep2014; 4:7281.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.016","article-title":"K (+) efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter","volume":"38","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Planillo R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-PlanilloR,KuffaP,Mart\u00ednez-Col\u00f3nGet al.K (+) efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter.Immunity2013; 38:1142\u20131153.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00216","article-title":"Role of mitochondria ROS generation in ethanol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in astroglial cells","volume":"8","author":"Alfonso-Loeches S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alfonso-LoechesS,Urena-PeraltaJR,Morillo-BarguesMJet al.Role of mitochondria ROS generation in ethanol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in astroglial cells.Front Cell Neurosci2014; 8:216.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","article-title":"A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"469","author":"Zhou R","year":"2011","unstructured":"ZhouR,YazdiAS,MenuPet al.A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Nature2011; 469:221\u2013225.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11282","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117765109","article-title":"Critical role for calcium mobilization in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"109","author":"Murakami T","year":"2012","unstructured":"MurakamiT,OckingerJ,YuJet al.Critical role for calcium mobilization in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2012; 109:11282\u201311287.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11588","article-title":"The calcium-sensing receptor regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Ca2+ and cAMP","volume":"492","author":"Lee GS","year":"2012","unstructured":"LeeGS,SubramanianN,KimAIet al.The calcium-sensing receptor regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Ca2+ and cAMP.Nature2012; 492:123\u2013127.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06939","article-title":"Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants","volume":"453","author":"Eisenbarth SC","year":"2008","unstructured":"EisenbarthSC,OscarRC,WilliamOCet al.Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants.Nature2008; 453:1122\u20131126.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14459","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603493103","article-title":"Activation of NF-kappaB by the intracellular expression of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase acts as a powerful vaccine adjuvant","volume":"103","author":"Andreakos E","year":"2006","unstructured":"AndreakosE,WilliamsRO,WalesJet al.Activation of NF-kappaB by the intracellular expression of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase acts as a powerful vaccine adjuvant.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2006; 103:14459\u201314464.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.09.002","article-title":"Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors","volume":"13","author":"Kawai T","year":"2007","unstructured":"KawaiT,AkiraS.Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors.Trends Mol Med2007; 13:460\u2013469.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.3755","article-title":"Cutting edge: alum adjuvant stimulates inflammatory dendritic cells through activation of the NALP3 inflammasome","volume":"181","author":"Kool M","year":"2008","unstructured":"KoolM,P\u00e9trilliV,De SmedtTet al.Cutting edge: alum adjuvant stimulates inflammatory dendritic cells through activation of the NALP3 inflammasome.J Immunol2008; 181:3755\u20133759.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838549","article-title":"The Nlrp3 inflammasome is critical for aluminium hydroxide-mediated IL-1beta secretion but dispensable for adjuvant activity","volume":"38","author":"Franchi L","year":"2008","unstructured":"FranchiL,NunezG.The Nlrp3 inflammasome is critical for aluminium hydroxide-mediated IL-1beta secretion but dispensable for adjuvant activity.Eur J Immunol2008; 38:2085\u20132089.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900164","article-title":"Alum Induces Innate Immune Responses through Macrophage and Mast Cell Sensors, But These Sensors Are Not Required for Alum to Act As an Adjuvant for Specific Immunity","volume":"183","author":"McKee AS","year":"2009","unstructured":"McKeeAS,MunksMW,MacLeodMKet al.Alum Induces Innate Immune Responses through Macrophage and Mast Cell Sensors, But These Sensors Are Not Required for Alum to Act As an Adjuvant for Specific Immunity.J Immunol2009; 183:4403\u20134414.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2306","article-title":"Alum interaction with dendritic cell membrane lipids is essential for its adjuvanticity","volume":"17","author":"Flach TL","year":"2011","unstructured":"FlachTL,NgG,HariAet al.Alum interaction with dendritic cell membrane lipids is essential for its adjuvanticity.Nat Med2011; 17:479\u2013487.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015","article-title":"Tolerance, danger, and the extended family","volume":"12","author":"Matzinger P","year":"1994","unstructured":"MatzingerP.Tolerance, danger, and the extended family.Annu Rev Immunol1994; 12:991\u20131045.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01991","article-title":"Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells","volume":"425","author":"Shi Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"ShiY,EvansJE,RockKL.Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells.Nature2003; 425:516\u2013521.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1003-941","article-title":"The ins and outs of cross-presentation","volume":"4","author":"Rock KL","year":"2003","unstructured":"RockKL.The ins and outs of cross-presentation.Nat Immunol2003; 4:941\u2013943.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.24903","article-title":"Role of lysosome rupture in controlling Nlrp3 signaling and necrotic cell death","volume":"12","author":"Lima H","year":"2013","unstructured":"LimaHJr,JacobsonLS,GoldbergMFet al.Role of lysosome rupture in controlling Nlrp3 signaling and necrotic cell death.Cell Cycle2013; 12:1868\u20131878.","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005","article-title":"Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells","volume":"73","author":"Fink SL","year":"2005","unstructured":"FinkSL,CooksonBT.Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells.Infect Immun2005; 73:1907\u20131916.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300392110","article-title":"Host DNA released in response to aluminum adjuvant enhances MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and prolongs CD4 T-cell interactions with dendritic cells","volume":"110","author":"McKee AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"McKeeAS,BurchillMA,MunksMWet al.Host DNA released in response to aluminum adjuvant enhances MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and prolongs CD4 T-cell interactions with dendritic cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2013; 110:31.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2403","article-title":"DNA released from dying host cells mediates aluminum adjuvant activity","volume":"17","author":"Marichal T","year":"2011","unstructured":"MarichalT,OhataK,BedoretDet al.DNA released from dying host cells mediates aluminum adjuvant activity.Nat Med2011; 17:996\u20131002.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1864","article-title":"The AIM2 inflammasome is essential for host defense against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses","volume":"11","author":"Rathinam VA","year":"2010","unstructured":"RathinamVA,JiangZ,WaggonerSNet al.The AIM2 inflammasome is essential for host defense against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses.Nat Immunol2010; 11:395\u2013402.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07725","article-title":"AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC","volume":"458","author":"Hornung V","year":"2009","unstructured":"HornungV,AblasserA,Charrel-DennisMet al.AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC.Nature2009; 458:514\u2013518.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10429","article-title":"STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP","volume":"478","author":"Burdette DL","year":"2011","unstructured":"BurdetteDL,MonroeKM,Sotelo-TrohaKet al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP.Nature2011; 478:515\u2013518.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240933","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses","volume":"341","author":"Gao D","year":"2013","unstructured":"GaoD,WuJ,WuYTet al.Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses.Science2013; 341:903\u2013906.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway","volume":"339","author":"Sun L","year":"2013","unstructured":"SunL,WuJ,DuF,ChenXet al.Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.Science2013; 339:786\u2013791.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300392110","article-title":"Host DNA released in response to aluminum adjuvant enhances MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and prolongs CD4 T-cell interactions with dendritic cells","volume":"110","author":"McKee AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"McKeeAS,BurchillMA,MunksMWet al.Host DNA released in response to aluminum adjuvant enhances MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and prolongs CD4 T-cell interactions with dendritic cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2013; 110:E1122\u2013E1131.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071087","article-title":"Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells","volume":"205","author":"Kool M","year":"2008","unstructured":"KoolM,Soulli\u00e9T,van NimwegenMet al.Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells.J Exp Med2008; 205:869\u2013882.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.3905","article-title":"Cutting edge: elimination of an endogenous adjuvant reduces the activation of CD8 T lymphocytes to transplanted cells and in an autoimmune diabetes model","volume":"176","author":"Shi Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"ShiY,GalushaSA,RockKL.Cutting edge: elimination of an endogenous adjuvant reduces the activation of CD8 T lymphocytes to transplanted cells and in an autoimmune diabetes model.J Immunol2006; 176:3905\u20133908.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445156","article-title":"Redirecting soluble antigen for MHC class I cross-presentation during phagocytosis","volume":"45","author":"Hari A","year":"2015","unstructured":"HariA,GangulyA,MuLet al.Redirecting soluble antigen for MHC class I cross-presentation during phagocytosis.Eur J Immunol2015; 45:383\u2013395.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.10.040","article-title":"Vaccination with recombinant HBsAg-HBIG complex in healthy adults","volume":"23","author":"Xu DZ","year":"2005","unstructured":"XuDZ,HuangKL,ZhaoKet al.Vaccination with recombinant HBsAg-HBIG complex in healthy adults.Vaccine2005; 23:2658\u20132664.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2565","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002565","article-title":"A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of antigen-antibody immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"3","author":"Xu DZ","year":"2008","unstructured":"XuDZ,ZhaoK,GuoLMet al.A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of antigen-antibody immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine in chronic hepatitis B patients.PLoS One2008; 3:e2565.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.05.003","article-title":"Results of a phase III clinical trial with an HBsAg-HBIG immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B patients: experiences and findings","volume":"59","author":"Xu DZ","year":"2013","unstructured":"XuDZ,WangXY,ShenXLet al.Results of a phase III clinical trial with an HBsAg-HBIG immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B patients: experiences and findings.J Hepatol2013; 59:450\u2013456.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2012.11.005","article-title":"Responses to multiple injections with alum alone compared to injections with alum adsorbed to proteins in mice","volume":"149","author":"Wang XY","year":"2013","unstructured":"WangXY,YaoX,WanYMet al.Responses to multiple injections with alum alone compared to injections with alum adsorbed to proteins in mice.Immunol Lett2013; 149:88\u201392.","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.111","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccines for cancer: an overview of clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Melero I","year":"2014","unstructured":"MeleroI,GaudernackG,GerritsenWet al.Therapeutic vaccines for cancer: an overview of clinical trials.Nat Rev Clin Oncol2014; 11:509\u2013524.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17695","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17695","article-title":"Suppression of established hepatocarcinoma in adjuvant only immunotherapy: alum triggers anti-tumor CD8(+) T cell response","volume":"5","author":"Wang B","year":"2015","unstructured":"WangB,WangX,WenYet al.Suppression of established hepatocarcinoma in adjuvant only immunotherapy: alum triggers anti-tumor CD8(+) T cell response.Sci Rep2015; 5:17695.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.01.061","article-title":"Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces macrophage differentiation towards a specialized antigen-presenting cell type","volume":"22","author":"Rimaniol AC","year":"2004","unstructured":"RimaniolAC,GrasG,VerdierFet al.Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces macrophage differentiation towards a specialized antigen-presenting cell type.Vaccine2004; 22:3127\u20133135.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.111","article-title":"MF59TM; as a vaccine adjuvant: a review of safety and immunogenicity","volume":"9","author":"El Sahly H","year":"2010","unstructured":"El SahlyH.MF59TM; as a vaccine adjuvant: a review of safety and immunogenicity.Expert Rev Vaccines2010; 9:1135\u20131141.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.07.008","article-title":"A liquid crystal of ascorbyl palmitate, used as vaccine platform, provides sustained release of antigen and has intrinsic pro-inflammatory and adjuvant activities which are dependent on MyD88 adaptor protein","volume":"214","author":"S\u00e1nchez Vallecillo MF","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez VallecilloMF,Minguito de la EscaleraMM,AguirreMVet al.A liquid crystal of ascorbyl palmitate, used as vaccine platform, provides sustained release of antigen and has intrinsic pro-inflammatory and adjuvant activities which are dependent on MyD88 adaptor protein.J Control Release2015; 214:12\u201322.","journal-title":"J Control Release"}],"container-title":["Emerging Microbes & Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/emi201640.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/emi201640","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/emi.2016.40","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/emi201640.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T12:48:01Z","timestamp":1695300481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1038\/emi.2016.40"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/emi.2016.40"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emi.2016.40","relation":{},"ISSN":["2222-1751"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2222-1751","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=temi20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=temi20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2015-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-12-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}