{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:46:38Z","timestamp":1774979198178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]],"date-time":"1996-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":836179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1996.94","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,4]],"date-time":"2011-07-04T08:24:13Z","timestamp":1309767853000},"page":"425-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Histology and immunopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus affecting the conjunctiva"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Arnd","family":"Heiligenhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Stephen","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFeye199694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00944-3","volume":"14","author":"AD Steinberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Steinberg AD, Klinman DM . Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1988;14:25\u201341.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR2","first-page":"643","volume":"21","author":"AS Cohen","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cohen AS, Reynolds WE, Franklin EC, et al. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bull Rheum Dis 1971;21:643\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","volume":"25","author":"EM Tan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, Schaller JG, Talal N, Winchster RJ . The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.56.11.800","volume":"56","author":"DH Gold","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gold DH, Morris DA, Henkind P . Ocular findings in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Ophthalmol 1972;56:800\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-195412000-00001","volume":"33","author":"AM Harvey","year":"1954","unstructured":"Harvey AM, Shulman LE, Tumulty PA, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: review of the literature and clinical analysis of 138 cases. Medicine 1954;33:291\u2013437.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450090102008","volume":"95","author":"DH Gold","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gold DH, Feiner L, Henkind P . Retinal arterial occlusive disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Ophthalmol 1977;95:1580\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR7","first-page":"383","volume":"20","author":"TA Deutsch","year":"1988","unstructured":"Deutsch TA, Corwin HL . Lupus optic neuritis with negative serology. Ann Ophthalmol 1988;20:383\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR8","unstructured":"Committee on prognosis studies in SLE: prognosis studies in SLE: an activity index. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29(Suppl 4):93."},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290914","volume":"29","author":"AV Klinkhoff","year":"1986","unstructured":"Klinkhoff AV, Beattie CW, Chalmers A . Retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to disease activity. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:1152\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310904","volume":"31","author":"FJ Stafford-Brady","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stafford-Brady FJ, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Easterbrook M . Lupus retinopathy: patterns, associations, and prognosis. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:1105\u201310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198509000-00001","volume":"64","author":"MC Hochberg","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hochberg MC, Boyd RB, Ahearn JM . Systemic lupus erythematosus: review of clinico-laboratory features and immunogenetic markers in 150 patients with emphasis on demographic subsets. Medicine 1985;64:285\u201395.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196705252762102","volume":"276","author":"GL Spaeth","year":"1967","unstructured":"Spaeth GL . Corneal staining in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 1967;276:1168\u201371.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR13","unstructured":"Grayson M . Diseases of the cornea. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1979."},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970040161005","volume":"74","author":"JA Reeves","year":"1965","unstructured":"Reeves JA . Keratopathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Ophthalmol 1965;74:159\u201360.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198605000-00029","volume":"79","author":"B Williams","year":"1986","unstructured":"Williams B, Hull DS . Lupus erythematosus keratocon-junctivitis. South Med J 1986;79:631\u20132.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb08215.x","volume":"121","author":"SM Burge","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burge SM, Frith PA, Juniper RP, Wojnarowska F . Mucosal involvement in systemic and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:727\u201341.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.3.163","volume":"74","author":"PA Frith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frith PA, Burge SM, Millard PR, Wojnarowska F . External ocular findings in lupus erythematosus: a clinical and immunopathological study. Br J Ophthalmol 1990;74:163\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.60.3.163","volume":"60","author":"PG Watson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Watson PG, Hayreh SS . Scleritis and episcleritis. Br J Ophthalmol 1976;60;163\u201391.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1932.00820130040003","volume":"71","author":"JV Klauder","year":"1932","unstructured":"Klauder JV, DeLong P . Lupus erythematosus of the conjunctiva, eyelids and lid margins. Arch Ophthalmol 1932;71:856\u201367.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR20","first-page":"321","volume":"16","author":"P DeLong","year":"1936","unstructured":"DeLong P, Klauder JV . LE of eyelids and conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol 1936;16:321\u20132.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(85)90091-1","volume":"35","author":"AG Karpik","year":"1985","unstructured":"Karpik AG, Schwartz MM, Dickey LE, Streeten BW, Roberts JL . Ocular immune reactants in patients dying with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1985;35:295\u2013312.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR22","first-page":"527","volume":"84","author":"CS Foster","year":"1986","unstructured":"Foster CS . Cicatricial pemphigoid. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1986;84:527\u2013663.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32402-8","volume":"97","author":"BA Rice","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rice BA, Foster CS . Immunopathology of cicatricial pemphigoid affecting the conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 1990;97:1476\u201383.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34018-6","volume":"92","author":"EM Graham","year":"1985","unstructured":"Graham EM, Spalton DJ, Barnard RO, Garner A, Russell R . Cerebral and retinal vascular changes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ophthalmology 1985;92:444\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34251-8","volume":"91","author":"SCG Tseng","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tseng SCG, Hirst LW, Maumanee AE, Kenyon KR, Sun TT, Green R . Possible mechanisms for the loss of goblet cells in mucin-deficient disorders. Ophthalmology 1984;91:545\u201352.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1983.01650350011006","volume":"119","author":"MI Jacobs","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jacobs MI, Schned ES, Bystryn JC . Variability of the lupus band test. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:883\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90003-0","volume":"69","author":"RM Blaese","year":"1980","unstructured":"Blaese RM, Grayson J, Steinberg AD . Elevated immunoglobulin secreting cells in the blood of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation of laboratory and clinical assessment of disease activity. Am J Med 1980;69:345\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.6.1867","volume":"137","author":"CA Laskin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Laskin CA, Haddad G, Soloninka CA . The regulatory role of NZB T lymphocytes in production of anti-DNA antibodies in vitro. J Immunol 1986;137:1867\u201373.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR29","first-page":"371","volume":"53","author":"CG Kallenberg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kallenberg CG, Limburg PC, Van Slochteren C . The TH B cell activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: depressed in vivo humoral immune response to a primary antigen (haemocyanin) and increased in vitro spontaneous immunoglobulin synthesis. Clin Exp Immunol 1983;53:371\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.7.2284","volume":"139","author":"DM Klinman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klinman DM, Ishigatsubo Y, Steinberg AD . Pathogenesis of generalised autoimmunity: in vivo studies of the interaction between murine B cells and their internal milieu. J Immunol 1987;139:2284\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197910113011502","volume":"301","author":"KB Miller","year":"1979","unstructured":"Miller KB, Schwartz RS . Familial abnormalities of suppressor cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 1979;301:903\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(88)90155-9","volume":"48","author":"S Raziuddin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Raziuddin S, Danial HB, Kelley M . OKT4 T cell abnormality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: HLA-DR antigen expressions. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988;48:42\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112882","volume":"79","author":"C Morimoto","year":"1987","unstructured":"Morimoto C, Steinberg AD, Letvin NL . A defect of immunoregulatory T cell subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients demonstrated with anti-2H4 antibody. J Clin Invest 1987;79:762\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.7.3464","volume":"75","author":"T Sakane","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sakane T, Steinberg AD, Green I . Failure of autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions between T and non-T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75:3464\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.6.2651","volume":"130","author":"M Linker-Israeli","year":"1983","unstructured":"Linker-Israeli M, Bakke AC, Kitridon RC . Defective production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1983;130:2651\u20135.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.151.1.91","volume":"151","author":"DTY Yu","year":"1980","unstructured":"Yu DTY, Winchester RJ, Fu SM . Peripheral blood Ia positive T cells: increases in certain diseases and after immunization. J Exp Med 1980;151:91\u20136.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1981.tb00341.x","volume":"55","author":"AD Steinberg","year":"1981","unstructured":"Steinberg AD, Huston DP, Taurog JD . The cellular and genetic basis of murine lupus. Immunol Rev 1981;55:121\u201354.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/293150a0","volume":"293","author":"DW Mason","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mason DW, Dallman M, Barclay AN . Graft versus host disease induces expression of Ia antigen in rat epidermal cells and gut epithelium. Nature 1981;293:150\u20131.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFeye199694_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00936519","volume":"231","author":"W Bernauer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bernauer W, Wright P, Dart JK, Leonard JN, Lightman S . Cytokines in the conjunctiva of acute and chronic mucous membrane pemphigoid: an immunohistochemical analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1993;231:563\u201370.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye199694.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye199694","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye199694.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T23:06:48Z","timestamp":1686179208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye199694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFeye199694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.1996.94","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]}}}