{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:23:37Z","timestamp":1792110217797,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.79","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T11:46:34Z","timestamp":1241178394000},"page":"240-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Surveillance of traumatic optic neuropathy in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R L","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bunce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Foot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFeye200979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001","volume":"322","author":"MB Bracken","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, Holford TR, Baskin DS, Eisenberg HM et al. A randomized controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the second national acute spinal cord injury study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1405\u20131411.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71124-7","volume":"365","author":"P Edwards","year":"2005","unstructured":"Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, Cottingham R, El-Sayed H, Farrell B et al. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6 months. Lancet 2005; 365: 1957\u20131959.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3109\/01658109609044636","volume":"16","author":"PI Chou","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chou PI, Sadun AA, Chen YC, Su WY, Lin SZ, Lee CC . Clinical experiences in the management of traumatic optic neuropathy. Neuro-ophthalmology 1996; 16: 325\u2013336.","journal-title":"Neuro-ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070010392031","volume":"107","author":"S Lessell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lessell S . Indirect optic nerve trauma. Arch Ophthalmol 1989; 107: 382\u2013386.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFeye200979_CR5","first-page":"389","volume":"21","author":"SR Seiff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seiff SR . High dose corticosteroids for treatment of vision loss due to indirect injury to the optic nerve. Ophthalmic Surg 1990; 21 (6): 389\u2013395.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1963.tb03588.x","volume":"41","author":"J Edmund","year":"1963","unstructured":"Edmund J, Gotfredsen E . Unilateral optic atrophy following head injury. Acta Ophthalmologica 1963; 41: 693\u2013697.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR7","first-page":"98","volume":"111","author":"B Hughes","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hughes B . Indirect injury of the optic nerves and chiasma. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1962; 111: 98\u2013126.","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77065-5","volume":"110","author":"TC Spoor","year":"1990","unstructured":"Spoor TC, Hartel WC, Lensink DB, Wilkinson MJ . Treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy with corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol 1990; 110: 665\u2013669.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.6.349","volume":"76","author":"JA Mauriello","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mauriello JA, DeLuca J, Krieger A, Schulder M, Frohman L . Management of traumatic optic neuropathy\u2014a study of 23 patients. Br J Ophthalmol 1992; 76: 349\u2013352.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.11.1203","volume":"129","author":"MG Rajiniganth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rajiniganth MG, Gupta AK, Gupta A, Bapuraj JR . Traumatic optic neuropathy: visual outcome following combined therapy protocol. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 129: 1203\u20131206.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000096442.82059.6d","volume":"52","author":"WG Yang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yang WG, Chen CT, Tsay PK, de Villa GH, Tsai YJ, Chen YR . Outcome for traumatic optic neuropathy\u2014surgical vs nonsurgical treatment. Anna Plast Surg 2004; 52: 36\u201342.","journal-title":"Anna Plast Surg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31299-1","volume":"101","author":"LA Levin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Levin LA, Joseph MP, Rizzo JF, Lessell S . Optic canal decompression in indirect optic nerve trauma. Ophthalmology 1994; 101: 566\u2013569.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR13","first-page":"125","volume":"30","author":"T Fujitani","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fujitani T, Inoue K, Takahashi T, Ikushima K, Asai T . Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy: visual outcome of operative and non-operative cases. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1986; 30: 125\u2013134.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00707-1","volume":"106","author":"LA Levin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Levin LA, Beck RW, Joseph MP, Seiff S, Kraker R . The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy: the International Optic Nerve Trauma Study. Ophthalmology 1999; 106: 1268\u20131277.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu-Wai-Man P, Griffith P . Steroids for traumatic optic neuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006032.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006032.pub2"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu-Wai-Man P, Griffiths PG . Surgery for traumatic optic neuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, Issue 4.Art. No.: CD005024.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005024.pub2"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700233","volume":"17","author":"JS Rahi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahi JS, Edelsten C . The British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit: the study of uncommon ophthalmic disorders made easier. Eye 2003; 17: 9\u201315.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","volume":"2","author":"G Teasdale","year":"1974","unstructured":"Teasdale G, Jennett B . Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974; 2: 81\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR19","first-page":"260","volume-title":"The Medical Works of Hippocrates: A New Translation from the Original Greek","author":"J Chadwick","year":"1950","unstructured":"Chadwick J, Mann WN . The Medical Works of Hippocrates: A New Translation from the Original Greek. Charles C Thomas: Springfield, IL, 1950, pp 260."},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34769-7","volume":"89","author":"RL Anderson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Anderson RL, Panje WR, Gross CE . Optic-nerve blindness following blunt forehead trauma. Ophthalmology 1982; 89: 445\u2013455.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.6.0963","volume":"55","author":"CE Gross","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gross CE, DeKock JR, Panje WR, Hershkowitz N, Newman J . Evidence for orbital deformation that may contribute to monocular blindness following minor frontal head trauma. J Neurosurg 1981; 55: 963\u2013966.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR22","first-page":"389","volume":"21","author":"SR Seiff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seiff SR . High dose corticosteroids for treatment of vision loss due to indirect injury to the optic nerve. Ophthalmic Surg 1990; 21: 389\u2013395.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/93.4.785","volume":"93","author":"MR Crompton","year":"1970","unstructured":"Crompton MR . Visual lesions in closed head injury. Brain 1970; 93: 785\u2013792.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701588","volume":"18","author":"NN Osborne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Osborne NN, Chidlow G, Layton CJ, Wood JP, Casson RJ, Melena J . Optic nerve and neuroprotection strategies. Eye 2004; 18: 1075\u20131084.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(91)90114-K","volume":"29","author":"IA al-Qurainy","year":"1991","unstructured":"al-Qurainy IA, Stassen LF, Dutton GN, Moos KF, el-Attar A . The characteristics of midfacial fractures and the association with ocular injury: a prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991; 29: 291\u2013301.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01406662","volume":"89","author":"HE Nau","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nau HE, Gerhard L, Foerster M, Nahser HC, Reinhardt V, Joka T . Optic nerve trauma: clinical, electrophysiological and histological remarks. Acta Neurochirurgica 1987; 89: 16\u201327.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochirurgica"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR27","first-page":"715","volume-title":"Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology","author":"KD Steinsapir","year":"1998","unstructured":"Steinsapir KD, Goldberg RA . Traumatic optic neuropathies. In: Miller NR, Newman NJ (eds). Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD, 1998, pp 715\u2013739."},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000120698","volume":"19","author":"AK Mahapatra","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mahapatra AK, Tandon DA . Traumatic optic neuropathy in children: a prospective study. Pediatr Neurosurg 1993; 19: 34\u201339.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2003.08.009","volume":"8","author":"N Goldenberg-Cohen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goldenberg-Cohen N, Miller NR, Repka MX . Traumatic optic neuropathy in children and adolescents. J AAPOS 2004; 8: 20\u201327.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)31307-2","volume":"2","author":"SB Thacker","year":"1986","unstructured":"Thacker SB, Redmond S, Berkelman RL . A controlled trial of disease surveillance strategies. Am J Prev Med 1986; 2: 345\u2013350.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.73.7.795","volume":"73","author":"RL Vogt","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vogt RL, LaRue D, Klaucke DN, Jillison DA . Comparison of an active and passive surveillance system of primary care providers for hepatitis, measles, rubella, and salmonellosis in Vermont. Am J Public Health 1983; 73: 795\u2013797.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700233","volume":"17","author":"B Foot","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foot B, Stanford M, Rahi J, Thompson J . The British Ophthalmological Surveillance unit: an evaluation of the first 3 years. Eye 2003; 17: 9\u201315.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.1.0102","volume":"67","author":"JM Braughler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Braughler JM, Hall ED, Means ED, Waters TR, Anderson DK . Evaluation of an intensive methylprednisolone sodium succinate dosing regimen in experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 1987; 67: 102\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.1.0124","volume":"61","author":"ED Hall","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hall ED, Braughler JM . Corticosteroid therapy in experimental cord injury. J Neurosurg 1984; 61: 805\u2013806.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFeye200979_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.1.0013","volume":"76","author":"ED Hall","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hall ED . The neuroprotective pharmacology of methylprednisolone. J Neurosurg 1992; 76 (1): 13\u201322.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFeye200979_CR36","first-page":"11","volume":"6","author":"KD Steinsapir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Steinsapir KD, Goldberg RA . Traumatic optic neuropathy: a critical update. Comp Ophthalmol Update 2005; 6 (1): 11\u201321.","journal-title":"Comp Ophthalmol Update"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.84","volume":"41","author":"MT Spencer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spencer MT, Bazarian JJ . Evidence-based emergency medicine\/systematic review abstract\u2014are corticosteroids effective in traumatic spinal cord injury. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 41: 410\u2013413.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR38","first-page":"157","volume":"17","author":"KD Steinsapir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Steinsapir KD, Goldberg RA, Sinha S, Hovda DA . Methylprednisolone exacerbates axonal loss following optic nerve trauma in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2000; 17: 157\u2013163.","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200403000-00003","volume":"24","author":"M Ohlsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohlsson M, Westerlund U, Langmoen IA, Svensson M . Methylprednisolone treatment does not influence axonal regeneration or degeneration following optic nerve injury in the adult rat. J Neuro-ophthalmol 2004; 24: 11\u201318.","journal-title":"J Neuro-ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6993","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-18-06993.2003","volume":"23","author":"R Diem","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diem R, Hobom M, Maier K, Weissert R, Storch MK, Meyer R et al. Methylprednisolone increases neuronal apoptosis during autoimmune CNS inflammation by inhibition of an endogenous neuroprotective pathway. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 6993\u20137000.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alderson P, Roberts I . Corticosteroids for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000196.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000196.pub2"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200303000-00013","volume":"23","author":"LA Levin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levin LA, Baker RS . Management of traumatic optic neuropathy. J Neuro-ophthalmol 2003; 23: 72\u201375.","journal-title":"J Neuro-ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFeye200979_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593510","volume":"36","author":"S Takehara","year":"1994","unstructured":"Takehara S, Tanaka T, Uemura K, Shinohara Y, Yamamoto T, Tokuyama T et al. Optic nerve injury demonstrated by MRI with STIR sequences. Neuroradiology 1994; 36 (7): 512\u2013514.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890160031006","volume":"122","author":"MW Cook","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cook MW, Levin LA, Joseph MP, Pinczower EF . Traumatic optic neuropathy. A meta-analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 122: 389\u2013392.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"BFeye200979_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200106000-00003","volume":"107","author":"BH Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang BH, Robertson BC, Girotto JA, Liem A, Miller NR, Iliff N et al. Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of 61 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 107: 1655\u20131664.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye200979.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye200979","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye200979.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:10:26Z","timestamp":1684429826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye200979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFeye200979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2009.79","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}}}