{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:07:14Z","timestamp":1791198434161,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T10:49:31Z","timestamp":1325846971000},"page":"241-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Toxoplasmosis: new challenges for an old disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Bodaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Touitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Fardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"LeHoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"BFeye2011331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2011.547157","volume":"19","author":"D Wakefield","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wakefield D, Cunningham Jr ET, Pavesio C, Garweg JG, Zierhut M . Controversies in ocular toxoplasmosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2011; 19 (1): 2\u20139.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR2","first-page":"763","volume":"147","author":"C Nicolle","year":"1908","unstructured":"Nicolle C, Manceaux L . Sur une infection \u00e0 corps de Leishman (ou organismes voisins) du gondi. CR Seances Acad Sci 1908; 147: 763\u2013766.","journal-title":"CR Seances Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR3","first-page":"369","volume":"148","author":"C Nicolle","year":"1909","unstructured":"Nicolle C, Manceaux L . Sur un protozoaire nouveau du gondi. CR Seances Acad Sci 1909; 148: 369\u2013372.","journal-title":"CR Seances Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR4","first-page":"109","volume":"3","author":"A Splendore","year":"1908","unstructured":"Splendore A . Un nuovo protozoa parassita de\u2019 conigli. incontrato nelle lesioni anatomiche d\u2019une malattia che ricorda in molti punti il Kala-azar dell\u2019 uomo. Nota preliminare pel Rev Soc Scient Sao Paulo 1908; 3: 109\u2013112.","journal-title":"Nota preliminare pel Rev Soc Scient Sao Paulo"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"E Chatton","year":"1917","unstructured":"Chatton E, Blanc G . Notes et reflexions sur le toxoplasme et la toxoplasmose du gondi. (Toxoplsma gundii Ch. Nicolle et Manceaux 1909). Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 1917; 10: 1\u201341.","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR6","first-page":"1021","volume":"62","author":"J Jank\u00fb","year":"1923","unstructured":"Jank\u00fb J . Pathogensa a pathologica anatomie T. Zv. vrozaneho kolobou zlute skurney oku normal ne velikem a mikrophtalmickem s nalezem parisitu v sitnici. Cas Lek Ses 1923; 62: 1021\u20131027.","journal-title":"Cas Lek Ses"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1126\/science.89.2306.226","volume":"86","author":"A Wolf","year":"1939","unstructured":"Wolf A, Cowen D, Paige B . Human toxoplasmosis: occurence in infants as an encephalomyelitis; verification by transmission to animals. Science 1939; 86: 226\u2013227.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"BFeye2011331_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","volume":"39","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubey JP . History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39 (8): 877\u2013882.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFeye2011331_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200030","volume":"104","author":"AG Commodaro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Commodaro AG, Belfort RN, Rizzo LV, Muccioli C, Silveira C, Burnier Jr MN et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis: an update and review of the literature. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104 (2): 345\u2013350.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFeye2011331_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2010173177","volume":"17","author":"H Talabani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Talabani H, Mergey T, Yera H, Delair E, Brezin AP, Langsley G et al. Factors of occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. A review. Parasite 2010; 17 (3): 177\u2013182.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFeye2011331_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S1629","volume":"2","author":"AL Vallochi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vallochi AL, Goldberg AC, Falcai A, Ramasawmy R, Kalil J, Silveira C et al. Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly. Clin Ophthalmol 2008; 2 (4): 837\u2013848.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"BFeye2011331_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1086\/656397","volume":"202","author":"JD Vaudaux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vaudaux JD, Muccioli C, James ER, Silveira C, Magargal SL, Jung C et al. Identification of an atypical strain of toxoplasma gondii as the cause of a waterborne outbreak of toxoplasmosis in Santa Isabel do Ivai, Brazil. J Infect Dis 2010; 202 (8): 1226\u20131233.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFeye2011331_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0664","volume":"82","author":"JL Jones","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones JL, Holland GN . Annual burden of ocular toxoplasmosis in the US. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82 (3): 464\u2013465.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"BFeye2011331_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.123661","volume":"92","author":"JG Garweg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garweg JG, Scherrer JN, Halberstadt M . Recurrence characteristics in European patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92 (9): 1253\u20131256.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFeye2011331_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200031","volume":"104","author":"GN Holland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holland GN . Ocular toxoplasmosis: the influence of patient age. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104 (2): 351\u2013357.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFeye2011331_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.01.023","volume":"145","author":"GN Holland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holland GN, Crespi CM, ten Dam-van Loon N, Charonis AC, Yu F, Bosch-Driessen LH et al. Analysis of recurrence patterns associated with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145 (6): 1007\u20131013.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFeye2011331_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02196-10","volume":"49","author":"A Fekkar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fekkar A, Ajzenberg D, Bodaghi B, Touafek F, Le Hoang P, Delmas J et al. Direct genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in ocular fluid samples from 20 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis: predominance of type II in France. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49 (4): 1513\u20131517.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"BFeye2011331_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert RE, See SE, Jones LV, Stanford MS . Antibiotics versus control for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; (1): CD002218.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002218"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFeye2011331_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200027","volume":"104","author":"MR Stanford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stanford MR, Gilbert RE . Treating ocular toxoplasmosis: current evidence. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104 (2): 312\u2013315.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFeye2011331_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.020","volume":"118","author":"M Soheilian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Soheilian M, Ramezani A, Azimzadeh A, Sadoughi MM, Dehghan MH, Shahghadami R et al. Randomized trial of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone versus pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and prednisolone in treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology 2011; 118 (1): 134\u2013141.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFeye2011331_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01527-1","volume":"134","author":"C Silveira","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silveira C, Belfort Jr R, Muccioli C, Holland GN, Victora CG, Horta BL et al. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134 (1): 41\u201346.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2011331.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2011331","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2011331.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T17:58:06Z","timestamp":1757095086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2011331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFeye2011331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2011.331","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}