{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:23:22Z","timestamp":1789597402799,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T10:30:51Z","timestamp":1456482651000},"page":"758-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging findings in giant cell arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"N M","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Almarzouqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFeye201619_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022694","volume":"349","author":"CM Weyand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ . Medium-and large-vessel vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 160\u2013169.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3182915b77","volume":"33","author":"KC Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu KC, Chesnutt DA . Perineural optic nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in giant cell arteritis. J Neuroophthalmol 2013; 33: 279\u2013281.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0662-0","volume":"29","author":"X Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang X, Hu ZP, Wei L, Tang XQ, Yang HP, Zeng LW et al. Giant cell arteritis. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR4","first-page":"587","volume":"8","author":"P Chertok","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chertok P, Leroux JL, Le Marchand M, Aboukrat P, Alary JC, Blotman F . Orbital pseudo-tumor in temporal arteritis revealed by computerized tomography. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1990; 8: 587\u2013589.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-014-0346-y","volume":"25","author":"M Hittinger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hittinger M, Berlis A, Pfadenhauer K . Inflammatory pseudo-tumour orbitae (PTO): an atypical manifestation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 25: 411\u2013414.","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6727.784","volume":"300","author":"DA Laidlaw","year":"1990","unstructured":"Laidlaw DA, Smith PE, Hudgson P . Orbital pseudotumour secondary to giant cell arteritis: an unreported condition. BMJ 1990; 300: 784.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170100310","volume":"239","author":"AG Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee AG, Tang RA, Feldon SE, Pless M, Schiffman JS, Rubin RM et al. Orbital presentations of giant cell arteritis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 239: 509\u2013513.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR8","first-page":"625","volume":"30","author":"KE Morgenstern","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morgenstern KE, Ellis BD, Schochet SS, Linberg JV . Bilateral optic nerve sheath enhancement from giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 625\u2013627.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR9","first-page":"235","volume":"19","author":"AG Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee AG, Eggenberger ER, Kaufman DI, Manrique C . Optic nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 1999; 19: 235\u2013237.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12100","volume":"53","author":"S Reddi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reddi S, Vollbracht S . Giant cell arteritis associated with orbital pseudotumor. Headache 2013; 53: 1488\u20131489.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR11","first-page":"369","volume":"17","author":"SS Osman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Osman SS, Amin A . Value of MRI in diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Neurol Asia 2012; 17: 369\u2013372.","journal-title":"Neurol Asia"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318254c62d","volume":"32","author":"S Khanna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khanna S, Sharma A, Huecker J, Gordon M, Naismith RT, Van Stavern GP . Magnetic resonance imaging of optic neuritis in patients with neuromyelitis optica versus multiple sclerosis. J Neuroophthalmol 2012; 32: 216\u2013220.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4086","volume":"36","author":"S Siemonsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siemonsen S, Brekenfeld C, Holst B, Kaufmann-Buehler AK, Fiehler J, Bley TA . 3T MRI reveals extra- and intracranial involvement in giant cell arteritis. Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36: 91\u201397.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1509640","volume":"373","author":"V Biousse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biousse V, Newman NJ . Ischemic optic neuropathies. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 1677.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.04.002","volume":"16","author":"NM Kerr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kerr NM, Chew SS, Danesh-meyer HV . Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: a review and update. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16: 994\u20131000.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01148-X","volume":"109","author":"JF Rizzo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rizzo JF, Andreoli CM, Rabinov JD . Use of magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate optic neuritis and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 1679\u20131684.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1979.tb01819.x","volume":"57","author":"NV Nielsen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Nielsen NV, Eriksen JS . Unusual ocular manifestation in temporal arteritis. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1979; 57: 362\u2013368.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR18","first-page":"367","volume":"13","author":"S Nassani","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nassani S, Cocito L, Arcuri T, Favale E . Orbital pseudotumor as a presenting sign of temporal arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995; 13: 367\u2013369.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.1.119","volume":"57","author":"E Joelson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joelson E, Ruthrauff B, Ali F, Lindeman N, Sharp FR . Multifocal dural enhancement associated with temporal arteritis. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 119\u2013122.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200306000-00002","volume":"23","author":"KimberlyP Cockerham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cockerham Kimberly P., Cockerham GC, Brown HG, Hidayat AA . Radiosensitive orbital inflammation associated with temporal arteritis. J Neuroophthalmol 2003; 23: 117\u2013121.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR21","volume-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine","author":"SW Atlas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Atlas SW . Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine. Volume 14th edn Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2009."},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.8.1203","volume":"41","author":"NJ Newman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Newman NJ, Lessell S, Winterkorn JMS . Optic chiasmal neuritis. Neurology 1991; 41: 1203\u20131203.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFeye201619_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000269","volume":"35","author":"TY Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu TY, Miller NR . Giant cell arteritis presenting as unilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with bilateral optic nerve sheath enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neuroophthalmol 2015; 35: 360\u2013363.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye201619.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye201619","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye201619.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T16:43:17Z","timestamp":1718383397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye201619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFeye201619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2016.19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}