{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:33:18Z","timestamp":1787002398147,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T09:03:59Z","timestamp":1479459839000},"page":"467-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Retinal ganglion cell and axonal loss in optic neuritis: risk factors and visual functions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"T H","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y S","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S W","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512439237","volume":"18","author":"P Albrecht","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albrecht P, Ringelstein M, M\u00fcller AK, Keser N, Dietlein T, Lappas A et al. Degeneration of retinal layers in multiple sclerosis subtypes quantified by optical coherence tomography. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 1422\u20131429.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318221b434","volume":"31","author":"EC Davies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davies EC, Galetta KM, Sackel DJ, Talman LS, Frohman EM, Calabresi PA et al. Retinal ganglion cell layer volumetric assessment by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: application of a high-precision manual estimation technique. J Neuroophthalmol 2011; 31: 260\u2013264.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630","volume":"17","author":"S Saidha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK, Eckstein C, Oakley JD, Meyer SA et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult Scler 2011; 17: 1449\u20131463.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.11.032","volume":"119","author":"SD Walter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walter SD, Ishikawa H, Galetta KM, Sakai RE, Feller DJ, Henderson SB et al. Ganglion cell loss in relation to visual disability in multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1250\u20131257.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264","volume":"135","author":"SB Syc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Syc SB, Saidha S, Newsome SD, Ratchford JN, Levy M, Ford E et al. Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis. Brain 2012; 135: 521\u2013533.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1600-3","volume":"353","author":"RM Werkmeister","year":"2013","unstructured":"Werkmeister RM, Cherecheanu AP, Garhofer G, Schmidl D, Schmetterer L . Imaging of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma: pitfalls and challenges. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353: 261\u2013268.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-010-0005-1","volume":"8","author":"KM Galetta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galetta KM, Calabresi PA, Frohman EM, Balcer LJ . Optical coherence tomography (OCT): imaging the visual pathway as a model for neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2011; 8: 117\u2013132.","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.025","volume":"155","author":"G Rebolleda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rebolleda G, Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez JJ, Mu\u00f1oz-Negrete FJ, Oblanca N, Costa-Frossard L, \u00c1lvarez-Cerme\u00f1o JC . Color-code agreement among stratus, cirrus, and spectralis optical coherence tomography in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with and without prior optic neuritis. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155: 890\u2013897.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR9","first-page":"2520","volume":"40","author":"V Parisi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Parisi V, Manni G, Spadaro M, Colacino G, Restuccia R, Marchi S et al. Correlation between morphological and functional retinal impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2520\u20132527.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20575","volume":"58","author":"SA Trip","year":"2005","unstructured":"Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ, Altmann DR, Garway-Heath DF, Thompson AJ et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer axonal loss and visual dysfunction in optic neuritis. Ann Neurol 2005; 58: 383\u2013391.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.10.040","volume":"113","author":"JB Fisher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fisher JB, Jacobs DA, Markowitz CE, Galetta SL, Volpe NJ, Nano-Schiavi ML et al. Relation of visual function to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology 2006; 113: 324\u2013332.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00724.x","volume":"84","author":"S Noval","year":"2006","unstructured":"Noval S, Contreras I, Rebolleda G, Mu\u00f1oz-Negrete FJ . Optical coherence tomography versus automated perimetry for follow-up of optic neuritis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006; 84: 790\u2013794.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20851","volume":"59","author":"F Costello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Costello F, Coupland S, Hodge W, Lorello GR, Koroluk J, Pan YI et al. Quantifying axonal loss after optic neuritis with optical coherence tomography. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 963\u2013969.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1982-3","volume":"36","author":"Y-M Huang-Link","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang-Link Y-M, Al-Hawasi A, Lindehammar H . Acute optic neuritis: retinal ganglion cell loss precedes retinal nerve fiber thinning. Neurol Sci 2015; 36: 617\u2013620.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292403","volume":"329","author":"RW Beck","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beck RW, Cleary PA, Trobe JD, Kaufman DI, Kupersmith MJ, Paty DW et al. The effect of corticosteroids for acute optic neuritis on the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1764\u20131769.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.09.031","volume":"122","author":"KE Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim KE, Jeoung JW, Park KH, Kim DM, Kim SH . Diagnostic classification of macular ganglion cell and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis: differentiation of false-positives from glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2015; 122: 502\u2013510.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.16","volume":"128","author":"JL Keltner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keltner JL, Johnson CA, Cello KE, Dontchev M, Gal RL, Beck RW . Visual field profile of optic neuritis: a final follow-up report from the optic neuritis treatment trial from baseline through 15 years. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128: 330\u2013337.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.230","volume":"66","author":"BM Burkholder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burkholder BM, Osborne B, Loguidice MJ, Bisker E, Frohman TC, Conger A et al. Macular volume determined by optical coherence tomography as a measure of neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009; 66: 1366\u20131372.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq146","volume":"133","author":"AP Henderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henderson AP, Altmann DR, Trip AS, Kallis C, Jones SJ, Schlottmann PG et al. A serial study of retinal changes following optic neuritis with sample size estimates for acute neuroprotection trials. Brain 2010; 133: 2592\u20132602.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2010.5844","volume":"21","author":"A Garas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garas A, Sim\u00f3 M, Holl\u00f3 G . Nerve fiber layer and macular thinning measured with different imaging methods during the course of acute optic neuritis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2011; 21: 473\u2013483.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70168-X","volume":"9","author":"A Petzold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, Vermersch P, Kardon R, Green A et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 921\u2013932.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6466-x","volume":"259","author":"MA Seigo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seigo MA, Sotirchos ES, Newsome S, Babiarz A, Eckstein C, Ford E et al. In vivo assessment of retinal neuronal layers in multiple sclerosis with manual and automated optical coherence tomography segmentation techniques. J Neurol 2012; 259: 2119\u20132130.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24351","volume":"77","author":"I Gabilondo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gabilondo I, Mart\u00ednez-Lapiscina EH, Fraga-Pumar E, Ortiz-Perez S, Torres-Torres R, Andorra M et al. Dynamics of retinal injury after acute optic neuritis. Ann Neurol 2015; 77: 517\u2013528.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.00442.x","volume":"29","author":"JC Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang JC, Tow S, Aung T, Lim SA, Cullen JF . The presentation, aetiology, management and outcome of optic neuritis in an Asian population. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 29: 312\u2013315.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR25","first-page":"667","volume":"49","author":"SA Lim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lim SA, Goh KY, Tow S, Fu E, Wong TY, Seah A et al. Optic neuritis in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2008; 49: 667\u2013671.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(98)00072-0","volume":"43","author":"M Wakakura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wakakura M, Minei-Higa R, Oono S, Matsui Y, Tabuchi A, Kani K et al. Baseline features of idiopathic optic neuritis as determined by a multicenter treatment trial in Japan. Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial Multicenter Cooperative Research Group (ONMRG). Jpn J Ophthalmol 1999; 43: 127\u2013132.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1326-9","volume":"248","author":"X-L Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang X-L, Yu T, Xia D-Z, Zhang JS, Yan QC, Luo YH . Measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in optic atrophy eyes of patients with optic neuritis using optical coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 248: 1013\u20131018.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.01.040","volume":"137","author":"RW Beck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beck RW, Gal RL, Bhatti MT, Brodsky MC, Buckley EG, Chrousos GA et al. Visual function more than 10 years after optic neuritis: experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 77\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260901","volume":"326","author":"RW Beck","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM, Keltner JL, Shults WT, Kaufman DI et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 581\u2013588.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4009","volume":"51","author":"M Dutt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dutt M, Tabuena P, Ventura E, Rostami A, Shindler KS . Timing of corticosteroid therapy is critical to prevent retinal ganglion cell loss in experimental optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 1439\u20131445.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00428-8","volume":"206","author":"SJ Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones SJ, Brusa A . Neurophysiological evidence for long-term repair of MS lesions: implications for axon protection. J Neurol Sci 2003; 206: 193\u2013198.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BFeye2016253_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000154521.40686.63","volume":"64","author":"ML Baier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baier ML, Cutter GR, Rudick RA, Miller D, Cohen JA, Weinstock-Guttman B et al. Low-contrast letter acuity testing captures visual dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2005; 64: 992\u2013995.","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2016253.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2016253","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2016253.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T13:28:48Z","timestamp":1684416528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/eye2016253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFeye2016253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2016.253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-222X","1476-5454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-222X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}