{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:29:08Z","timestamp":1775107748765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gene Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2014.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T10:35:04Z","timestamp":1397126104000},"page":"599-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A comparative study of experimental mouse models of central nervous system demyelination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"O M","family":"Dumitrascu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K R","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Ghiasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFgt201433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307","volume":"343","author":"JH Noseworthy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG . Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 938\u2013952.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63598-2","volume":"72","author":"SF Hunter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hunter SF, Weinshenker BG, Carter JL, Noseworthy JH . Rational clinical immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1997; 72: 765\u2013780.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7440","volume":"92","author":"PB Challoner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD, MacLeod DL, Coulter SN, Rose TM et al. Plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 7440\u20137444.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500509","volume":"5","author":"JE Friedman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Friedman JE, Lyons MJ, Cu G, Ablashl DV, Whitman JE, Edgar M et al. The association of the human herpesvirus-6 and MS. Mult Scler 1999; 5: 355\u2013362.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.265","volume":"54","author":"J Boman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boman J, Roblin PM, Sundstrom P, Sandstrom M, Hammerschlag MR . Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in the central nervous system of patients with MS. Neurology 2000; 54: 265.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00210.x","volume":"95","author":"C Martin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martin C, Enbom M, Soderstrom M, Fredrikson S, Dahl H, Lycke J et al. Absence of seven human herpesviruses, including HHV-6, by polymerase chain reaction in CSF and blood from patients with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Acta Neurol Scand 1997; 95: 280\u2013283.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.6.1367-a","volume":"53","author":"P Mirandola","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mirandola P, Stefan A, Brambilla E, Campadelli-Fiume G, Grimaldi LM . Absence of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 from spinal fluid and serum of multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1999; 53: 1367\u20131368.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl075","volume":"129","author":"R Gold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gold R, Linington C, Lassmann H . Understanding pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis via animal models: 70 years of merits and culprits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis research. Brain 2006; 129: 1953\u20131971.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR9","first-page":"235","volume":"15","author":"BA tHart","year":"2009","unstructured":"tHart BA, Hintzen RQ, Laman JD . Multiple sclerosis - a response-to-damage model. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15: 235\u2013244.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3168","volume":"15","author":"RM Ransohoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ransohoff RM . Animal models of multiple sclerosis: the good, the bad and the bottom line. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15: 1074\u20131077.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.11.006","volume":"17","author":"BA t Hart","year":"2011","unstructured":"t Hart BA, Gran B, Weissert R . EAE: imperfect but useful models of multiple sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17: 119\u2013125.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.003051","volume":"8","author":"SS Zamvil","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zamvil SS, Steinman L . The T lymphocyte in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Annu Rev Immunol 1990; 8: 579\u2013621.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.001101","volume":"10","author":"R Martin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Martin R, McFarland HF, McFarlin DE . Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu Rev Immunol 1992; 10: 153\u2013187.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400202","volume":"4","author":"P Ferrante","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferrante P, Omodeo-Zorini E, Caldarelli-Stefano R, Mediati M, Fainardi E, Granieri E et al. Detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 1998; 4: 49\u201354.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00786-2","volume":"74","author":"MM Morris","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morris MM, Dyson H, Baker D, Harbige LS, Fazakerley JK, Amor S . Characterization of the cellular and cytokine response in the central nervous system following Semliki Forest virus infection. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 74: 185\u2013197.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1086\/318120","volume":"31","author":"S Haider","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haider S, Nafziger D, Gutierrez JA, Brar I, Mateo N, Fogle J . Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4+lymphocytopenia: a case report and review of reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: E20\u2013E22.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR17","first-page":"247","volume":"70","author":"LM Parsons","year":"1989","unstructured":"Parsons LM, Webb HE . Identification of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the central nervous system of the mouse following infection with the demyelinating strain of Semliki Forest virus. Br J Exp Pathol 1989; 70: 247\u2013255.","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/348245a0","volume":"348","author":"S Jacobson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jacobson S, Shida H, McFarlin DE, Fauci AS, Koenig S . Circulating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HTLV-I pX in patients with HTLV-I associated neurological disease. Nature 1990; 348: 245\u2013248.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00236-8","volume":"4","author":"J Haring","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haring J, Perlman S . Mouse hepatitis virus. Curr Opin Microbiol 2001; 4: 462\u2013466.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0489","volume":"16","author":"SD Miller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miller SD, Olson JK, Croxford JL . Multiple pathways to induction of virus-induced autoimmune demyelination: lessons from Theiler's virus infection. J Autoimmun 2001; 16: 219\u2013227.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.12.004","volume":"193","author":"Y Osorio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Osorio Y, La Point SF, Nusinowitz S, Hofman FM, Ghiasi H . CD8+-dependent CNS demyelination following ocular infection of mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2. Exp Neurol 2005; 193: 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6536","volume":"52","author":"KR Mott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mott KR, Gate D, Zandian M, Allen SJ, Rajasagi NK, Van Rooijen N et al. Macrophage IL-12p70 signaling prevents HSV-1-induced CNS autoimmunity triggered by autoaggressive CD4+ Tregs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 2321\u20132333.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3211","volume":"50","author":"M Zandian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zandian M, Belisle R, Mott KR, Nusinowitz S, Hofman FM, Ghiasi H . Optic neuritis in different strains of mice by a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine interleukin-2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 3275\u20133282.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016820","volume":"6","author":"M Zandian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zandian M, Mott KR, Allen SJ, Chen S, Arditi M, Ghiasi H . IL-2 suppression of IL-12p70 by a a recombinant HSV-1 expressing IL-2 induces T cells auto-reactivity and CNS demyelination. PLoS One 2011; 6: e16820.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.32","volume":"18","author":"M Zandian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zandian M, Mott KR, Allen SJ, Dumitrascu O, Kuo JZ, Ghiasi H . Use of cytokine immunotherapy to block CNS demyelination induced by a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine interleukin-2. Gene Therapy 2011; 18: 734\u2013742.","journal-title":"Gene Therapy"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12102","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02241-13","volume":"87","author":"KR Mott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mott KR, Zandian M, Allen SJ, Ghiasi H . Role of IL-2 and HSV-1 in CNS demyelination in mice. J Virol 2013; 87: 12102\u201312109.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04143.x","volume":"162","author":"JM Fletcher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fletcher JM, Lalor SJ, Sweeney CM, Tubridy N, Mills KH . T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21357","volume":"113","author":"DA Hafler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hafler DA . Multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 788\u2013794.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00208-7","volume":"84","author":"JE Simpson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Simpson JE, Newcombe J, Cuzner ML, Woodroofe MN . Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and other beta- chemokines by resident glia and inflammatory cells in multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 84: 238\u2013249.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1996.tb00896.x","volume":"22","author":"H Li","year":"1996","unstructured":"Li H, Cuzner ML, Newcombe J . Microglia-derived macrophages in early multiple sclerosis plaques. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1996; 22: 207\u2013215.","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.1985","volume":"182","author":"A Windhagen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Windhagen A, Newcombe J, Dangond F, Strand C, Woodroofe MN, Cuzner ML et al. Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 1985\u20131996.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250211","volume":"25","author":"JL Trotter","year":"1989","unstructured":"Trotter JL, Clifford DB, McInnis JE, Griffeth RC, Bruns KA, Perlmutter MS et al. Correlation of immunological studies and disease progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1989; 25: 172\u2013178.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8771","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8771-8780.1999","volume":"73","author":"GF Wu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wu GF, Perlman S . Macrophage infiltration, but not apoptosis, is correlated with immune- mediated demyelination following murine infection with a neurotropic coronavirus. J Virol 1999; 73: 8771\u20138780.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt044","volume":"26","author":"Y Mori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mori Y, Murakami M, Arima Y, Zhu D, Terayama Y, Komai Y et al. Early pathological alterations of lower lumbar cords detected by ultrahigh-field MRI in a mouse multiple sclerosis model. Int Immunol 2013; 26: 93\u2013101.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200106000-00016","volume":"14","author":"CL Karp","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karp CL, van Boxel-Dezaire AH, Byrnes AA, Nagelkerken L . Interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis: altering the balance of interleukin-12 and interleukin-10? Curr Opin Neurol 2001; 14: 361\u2013368.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.7104","volume":"169","author":"B Gran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gran B, Zhang GX, Yu S, Li J, Chen XH, Ventura ES et al. IL-12p35-deficient mice are susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: evidence for redundancy in the IL-12 system in the induction of central nervous system autoimmune demyelination. J Immunol 2002; 169: 7104\u20137110.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01355","volume":"421","author":"DJ Cua","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cua DJ, Sherlock J, Chen Y, Murphy CA, Joyce B, Seymour B et al. Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain. Nature 2003; 421: 744\u2013748.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510384496","volume":"17","author":"TL Vollmer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vollmer TL, Wynn DR, Alam MS, Valdes J . A phase 2, 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examining the efficacy and safety of an anti-interleukin-12 and -23 monoclonal antibody in patients with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 17: 181\u2013191.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1089\/104303401750195872","volume":"12","author":"PL Poliani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Poliani PL, Brok H, Furlan R, Ruffini F, Bergami A, Desina G et al. Delivery to the central nervous system of a nonreplicative herpes simplex type 1 vector engineered with the interleukin 4 gene protects rhesus monkeys from hyperacute autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Hum Gene Therapy 2001; 12: 905\u2013920.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Therapy"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301357","volume":"8","author":"R Furlan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Furlan R, Poliani PL, Marconi PC, Bergami A, Ruffini F, Adorini L et al. Central nervous system gene therapy with interleukin-4 inhibits progression of ongoing relapsing-remitting autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Biozzi AB\/H mice. Gene Therapy 2001; 8: 13\u201319.","journal-title":"Gene Therapy"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301465","volume":"8","author":"E Broberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Broberg E, Setala N, Roytta M, Salmi A, Eralinna JP, He B et al. Expression of interleukin-4 but not of interleukin-10 from a replicative herpes simplex virus type 1 viral vector precludes experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Gene Therapy 2001; 8: 769\u2013777.","journal-title":"Gene Therapy"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.11.001","volume":"190","author":"S Kuerten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuerten S, Angelov DN . Comparing the CNS morphology and immunobiology of different EAE models in C57BL\/6 mice - a step towards understanding the complexity of multiple sclerosis. Ann Anatomy 2008; 190: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann Anatomy"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.3.708","volume":"50","author":"M Soderstrom","year":"1998","unstructured":"Soderstrom M, Ya-Ping J, Hillert J, Link H . Optic neuritis: prognosis for multiple sclerosis from MRI, CSF, and HLA findings. Neurology 1998; 50: 708\u2013714.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270406","volume":"27","author":"M Sandberg-Wollheim","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sandberg-Wollheim M, Bynke H, Cronqvist S, Holtas S, Platz P, Ryder LP . A long-term prospective study of optic neuritis: evaluation of risk factors. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 386\u2013393.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.2.244","volume":"45","author":"M Rodriguez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT . Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurology 1995; 45: 244\u2013250.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.3.353","volume":"64","author":"JI O'Riordan","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Riordan JI, Losseff NA, Phatouros C, Thompson AJ, Moseley IF, MacManus DG et al. Asymptomatic spinal cord lesions in clinically isolated optic nerve, brain stem, and spinal cord syndromes suggestive of demyelination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64: 353\u2013357.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050453","volume":"246","author":"A Ghezzi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ghezzi A, Martinelli V, Torri V, Zaffaroni M, Rodegher M, Comi G et al. Long-term follow-up of isolated optic neuritis: the risk of developing multiple sclerosis, its outcome, and the prognostic role of paraclinical tests. J Neurol 1999; 246: 770\u2013775.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR48","first-page":"727","volume":"65","author":"Optic Neuritis Study G","year":"2008","unstructured":"Optic Neuritis Study G. Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis: final optic neuritis treatment trial follow-up. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 727\u2013732.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-013-0318-6","volume":"27","author":"M Hardmeier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hardmeier M, Hatz F, Naegelin Y, Hight D, Schindler C, Kappos L et al. Improved characterization of visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis by topographic analysis. Brain Topogr 2013; 27: 318\u2013327.","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F27","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.5.F27","volume":"194","author":"L Steinman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steinman L . Myelin-specific CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 2001; 194: F27\u2013F30.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(83)90036-X","volume":"4","author":"U Traugott","year":"1983","unstructured":"Traugott U, Reinherz EL, Raine CS . Multiple sclerosis. Distribution of T cells, T cell subsets and Ia- positive macrophages in lesions of different ages. J Neuroimmunol 1983; 4: 201\u2013221.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pannemans K, Broux B, Goris A, Dubois B, Broekmans T, Van Wijmeersch B et al. HLA-E restricted CD8+ T cell subsets are phenotypically altered in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2013; e-pub ahead of print 21 October 2013.","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513509703"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2278","volume":"165","author":"GF Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu GF, Dandekar AA, Pewe L, Perlman S . CD4 and CD8 T cells have redundant but not identical roles in virus- induced demyelination. J Immunol 2000; 165: 2278\u20132286.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/317355a0","volume":"317","author":"S Zamvil","year":"1985","unstructured":"Zamvil S, Nelson P, Trotter J, Mitchell D, Knobler R, Fritz R et al. T-cell clones specific for myelin basic protein induce chronic relapsing paralysis and demyelination. Nature 1985; 317: 355\u2013358.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR55","first-page":"409","volume":"38","author":"JW Prineas","year":"1978","unstructured":"Prineas JW, Wright RG . Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the perivascular compartment in chronic multiple sclerosis. Lab Invest 1978; 38: 409\u2013421.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3767","volume":"161","author":"EH Tran","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tran EH, Hoekstra K, van Rooijen N, Dijkstra CD, Owens T . Immune invasion of the central nervous system parenchyma and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, but not leukocyte extravasation from blood, are prevented in macrophage-depleted mice. J Immunol 1998; 161: 3767\u20133775.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.5.1387","volume":"176","author":"A D'Andrea","year":"1992","unstructured":"D'Andrea A, Rengaraju M, Valiante NM, Chehimi J, Kubin M, Aste M et al. Production of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1387\u20131398.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(96)83022-7","volume":"146","author":"T Schwarz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwarz T . Interleukin-12 and its role in cutaneous sensitization. Res Immunol 1995; 146: 494\u2013499.","journal-title":"Res Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90332-8","volume":"76","author":"WE Paul","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paul WE, Seder RA . Lymphocyte responses and cytokines. Cell 1994; 76: 241\u2013251.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.921","volume":"172","author":"G Le Gros","year":"1990","unstructured":"Le Gros G, Ben-Sasson SZ, Seder R, Finkelman FD, Paul WE . Generation of interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing cells in vivo and in vitro: IL-2 and IL-4 are required for in vitro generation of IL-4-producing cells. J Exp Med 1990; 172: 921\u2013929.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5920","volume":"168","author":"NK Koehler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koehler NK, Genain CP, Giesser B, Hauser SL . The human T cell response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: a multiple sclerosis family-based study. J Immunol 2002; 168: 5920\u20135927.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00136-3","volume":"200","author":"KG Kahl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kahl KG, Kruse N, Toyka KV, Rieckmann P . Serial analysis of cytokine mRNA profiles in whole blood samples from patients with early multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2002; 200: 53\u201355.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.1.450","volume":"154","author":"MK Racke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Racke MK, Burnett D, Pak SH, Albert PS, Cannella B, Raine CS et al. Retinoid treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. IL-4 production correlates ith improved disease course. J Immunol 1995; 154: 450\u2013458.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2165\/11206430-000000000-00000","volume":"25","author":"GL Plosker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Plosker GL . Interferon-beta-1b: a review of its use in multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2011; 25: 67\u201388.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9069","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.18.9069-9078.2002","volume":"76","author":"H Ghiasi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ghiasi H, Osorio Y, Perng GC, Nesburn AB, Wechsler SL . Overexpression of interleukin-2 by a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 attenuates pathogenicity and enhances antiviral immunity. J Virol 2002; 76: 9069\u20139078.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9029","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.19.9029-9036.2001","volume":"75","author":"H Ghiasi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ghiasi H, Osorio Y, Perng GC, Nesburn AB, Wechsler SL . Recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 expressing murine interleukin-4 is less virulent than wild-type virus in mice. J Virol 2001; 75: 9029\u20139036.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02907473","volume":"4","author":"JC Glorioso","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glorioso JC, Bender MA, Goins WF, Fink DJ, DeLuca N . HSV as a gene transfer vector for the nervous system. Mol Biotechnol 1995; 4: 87\u201399.","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.10.5019-5028.1990","volume":"64","author":"JC Zwaagstra","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zwaagstra JC, Ghiasi H, Slanina SM, Nesburn AB, Wheatley SC, Lillycrop K et al. Activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter in neuron-derived cells: evidence for neuron specificity and for a large LAT transcript. J Virol 1990; 64: 5019\u20135028.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.040557897","volume":"97","author":"JN Parker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parker JN, Gillespie GY, Love CE, Randall S, Whitley RJ, Markert JM . Engineered herpes simplex virus expressing IL-12 in the treatment of experimental murine brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 2208\u20132213.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.1888","volume":"174","author":"S Hirata","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hirata S, Senju S, Matsuyoshi H, Fukuma D, Uemura Y, Nishimura Y . Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by transfer of embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells expressing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide along with TRAIL or programmed death-1 ligand. J Immunol 2005; 174: 1888\u20131897.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.10.006","volume":"232","author":"H Pham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pham H, Doerrbecker J, Ramp AA, D'Souza CS, Gorasia DG, Purcell AW et al. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) IN C57Bl\/6 mice is not associated with astrogliosis. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 232: 51\u201362.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BFgt201433_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.1.334-340.1995","volume":"69","author":"H Ghiasi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ghiasi H, Wechsler SL, Kaiwar R, Nesburn AB, Hofman FM . Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 1995; 69: 334\u2013340.","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Gene Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/gt201433.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/gt201433","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/gt201433.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T01:00:09Z","timestamp":1689123609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/gt201433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFgt201433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gt.2014.33","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-7128","1476-5462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5462","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2014","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2014","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2014","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}