{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:43:16Z","timestamp":1783723396076,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hortic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/hortres.2016.66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]],"date-time":"2016-12-21T05:47:12Z","timestamp":1482299232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahendra","family":"Dia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd C","family":"Wehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Perkins-Veazie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E","family":"Boyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E","family":"Tolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benito","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-781","volume":"14","author":"S Grassi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grassi S, Piro G, Lee JM, Zheng Y, Fei Z, Dalessandro G et al. Comparative genomics reveal candidate carotenoid pathway regulators of ripening watermelon fruit. BMC Genomics 2013; 14: 781.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR2","volume-title":"Qualitative Inheritance of Flesh Color and Seed Characters in Watermelon","author":"L Lou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lou L, Wehner TC . Qualitative Inheritance of Flesh Color and Seed Characters in Watermelon. MS Thesis North Carolina State Univ.: Raleigh, NC, USA. 2009."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-275","volume":"9","author":"WP Wechter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wechter WP, Levi A, Harris KR, Davis AR, Fei Z, Katzir N et al. Gene expression in developing watermelon fruit. BMC Genomics 2008; 9: 275.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2005.01.024","volume":"92","author":"JA Jackson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jackson JA . Breeding for improved sugar content in sugarcane. Field Crop Res 2005; 92: 277\u2013290.","journal-title":"Field Crop Res"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2010.01.025","volume":"34","author":"S Audilakshmi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Audilakshmi S, Mall AK, Swarnaltha M, Seetharama N . Inheritance of sugar concentration in stalk (brix), sucrose content, stalk and juice yield in sorghum. Biomass and Bioenergy 2010; 34: 813\u2013820.","journal-title":"Biomass and Bioenergy"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2002.4890","volume":"42","author":"JS Ebdon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ebdon JS, Gauch HG Jr. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis of national turfgrass performance trials: I. Interpretation of genotype 3 environment interaction. Crop Sci 2002; 42: 489\u2013496.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR7","first-page":"164","volume-title":"Statistical Genetics and Plant Breeding NAS-NRC Publications","author":"RE Comstock","year":"1963","unstructured":"Comstock RE, Moll. RH Genotype-environment interactions In: Hanson WD, Robinson HF (eds). Statistical Genetics and Plant Breeding NAS-NRC Publications 982 pp. 164\u2013196 National Academy of Science-National Research Council:Washington, DC, USA. 1963."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2004.2109.2114","volume":"7","author":"SS Alghamdi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alghamdi SS . Yield stability of some soybean genotypes across diverse environment. Pak J Biol Sci 2004; 7: 2109\u20132114.","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9630742","volume":"14","author":"KW Finlay","year":"1963","unstructured":"Finlay KW, Wilkinson. GN . The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Aust J Agric Res 1963; 14: 742\u2013754.","journal-title":"Aust J Agric Res"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1966.0011183X000600010011x","volume":"6","author":"SA Eberhart","year":"1966","unstructured":"Eberhart SA, Russell WA . Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci 1966; 6: 36\u201340.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2001.9351111x","volume":"93","author":"W Yan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yan W . GGEbiplot: a Windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agron J 2001; 93: 1111\u20131118.","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR12","volume-title":"GGE Biplot Analysis: A Graphical Tool for Breeders, Geneticists, and Agronomists","author":"W Yan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yan W, Kang. MS . GGE Biplot Analysis: A Graphical Tool for Breeders, Geneticists, and Agronomists. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA. 2003."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859605005587","volume":"143","author":"AB Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smith AB, Cullis BR, Thompson. R . The analysis of crop cultivar breeding and evaluation trials: an overview of current mixed model approaches. J Agric Sci 2005; 143: 449\u2013462.","journal-title":"J Agric Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1988.00021962008000030002x","volume":"80","author":"RW Zobel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zobel RW, Wright MJ, Gauch HG Jr. Statistical analysis of a yield trial. Agron J 1988; 80: 388\u2013393.","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1973.90","volume":"31","author":"GH Freeman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Freeman GH . Statistical methods for the analysis of genotype-environment interactions. Heredity 1973; 31: 339\u2013354.","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1990.0011183X003000010011x","volume":"30","author":"M Chakroun","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chakroun M, Tliaferro CM, McNew. RW . Genotype-environment interactions for Bermuda forage yields. Crop Sci 1990; 30: 49\u201353.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002954824178","volume":"94","author":"P Annicchiarico","year":"1997","unstructured":"Annicchiarico P . Joint regression vs. AMMI analysis of genotype-environment interactions for cereals in Italy. Euphytica 1997; 94: 53\u201362.","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR18","first-page":"369","volume":"46","author":"MM Nachit","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nachit MM, Sorrells ME, Zobel RW, Gauch HG, Fischer RA, Coffman WR . Association of environmental variables with sites\u2019 mean grain yield and components of genotype-environment interaction in durum wheat. J Genet Breed 1992; 46: 369\u2013372.","journal-title":"J Genet Breed"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR19","first-page":"39","volume":"79","author":"M Kandus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kandus M, Almorza D, Boggio Ronceros R, Salerno JC . Statistical models for evaluating the genotype-environment interaction in maize (Zea mays L.). Phyton (Buenos Aires) 2010; 79: 39\u201346.","journal-title":"Phyton (Buenos Aires)"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1990.0011183X003000030003x","volume":"30","author":"J Crossa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Crossa J, Gauch HG, Zobel RW . Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis of two maize cultivar trials. Crop Sci 1990; 30: 493\u2013500.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1971.67","volume":"27","author":"GH Freeman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Freeman GH, Perkins JM . Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. VIII. Relation between genotypes grown at different environments and measures of these environments. Heredity 1971; 27: 15\u201323.","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1972.87","volume":"29","author":"GK Shukla","year":"1972","unstructured":"Shukla GK . Some statistical aspects of partitioning genotype-environmental components of variability. Heredity 1972; 29: 237\u2013245.","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1993.00021962008500030042x","volume":"85","author":"MS Kang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kang MS . Simultaneous selection for yield and stability in crop performance trials: Consequences for growers. Agron J 1993; 85: 754\u2013757.","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022878015943","volume":"130","author":"F Mekbib","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mekbib F . Yield stability in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Euphytica 2003; 130: 147\u2013153.","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2006.0144","volume":"99","author":"XM Fan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fan XM, Kang M, Chen H, Zhang Y, Tan J, Xu C . Yield stability of maize hybrids evaluated in multi-environment trials in Yunnan, China. Agron J 2007; 99: 220\u2013228.","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2000.403597x","volume":"40","author":"W Yan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yan W, Hunt LA, Sheng Q, Szlavnics Z . Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on GGE biplot. Crop Sci 2000; 40: 597\u2013605.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2015.10.0625","volume":"56","author":"M Dia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dia M, Wehner TC, Hassell R, Price DS, Boyhan GE, Olson S et al. Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for watermelon fruit yield in the United States. Crop Sci 2016a; 56: 1645\u20131661.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.18.1.9","volume":"18","author":"G Gusmini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gusmini G, Wehner TC . Fifty years of yield improvement for cucumber, melon and watermelon in the United States. HortTechnology 2008; 18: 9\u201312.","journal-title":"HortTechnology"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR29","volume-title":"Vegetable Crop Guidelines for the Southeastern US 2004-2005","author":"DC Sanders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanders DC, editor. Vegetable Crop Guidelines for the Southeastern US 2004-2005. North Carolina Vegetable Growers Assoc.: Raleigh, NC, USA. 2004."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR30","unstructured":"Holmes GJ, Kemble JM . 2009. Southeastern US 2009 vegetable crops handbook. The Packer. \n                    http:\/\/www.thepacker.com\/sites\/produce\/files\/2015_SEVG_FEB6_web.pdf\n                    \n                   (accessed 05 Dec. 2016)."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.880","volume":"81","author":"P Perkins-Veazie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Perkins-Veazie P, Collins JK, Pair SD, Roberts W . Lycopene content differs among red-fleshed watermelon cultivars. J Sci Food Agric 2001; 81: 983\u2013987.","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14160.x","volume":"68","author":"AR Davis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davis AR, Fish W, Perkins-Veazie. P . A rapid hexane-free method for analyzing lycopene content in watermelon. J Food Sci 2003; 68: 328\u2013332.","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2015.11.0698","volume":"56","author":"M Dia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dia M, Wehner TC, Hassell R, Price DS, Boyhan GE, Olson S et al. Values of locations for representing mega-environments and for discriminating yield of watermelon in the U.S. Crop Sci 2016b; 56: 1726\u20131735.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2016.02.0085","volume":"108","author":"M Dia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dia M, Wehner TC, Arellano C . Analysis of genotype x environment interaction (GxE) using SAS programming. Agron J 2016c; 108: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR35","volume-title":"Cucurbit breeding project: RGxE 11","author":"M Dia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dia M, Wehner TC, Arellano C . Cucurbit breeding project: RGxE 11. Deptartment of Horticulture Science, North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC, USA. 2016d. \n                    http:\/\/cuke.hort.ncsu.edu\/cucurbit\/wehner\/software\n                    \n                   html (accessed on 15 March 2016)."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker. S . Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 2015; 67: 1\u201348.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR37","unstructured":"Winter B . Linear models and linear mixed effects models in R with linguistic applications, 2013. Available at [\n                    http:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1308.5499.pdf\n                    \n                  ]."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR38","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria. 2015. Available at \n                    http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\n                    \n                   (accessed on 30 September 2015)."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR39","unstructured":"Mendiburu FD . agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. R package version 1.2- 3 2015. \n                    http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=agricolae\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-013-0821-z","volume":"28","author":"E Frutos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frutos E, Galindo MP, Leiva. V . An interactive biplot implementation in R for modeling genotype-by-environment interaction. Stochastic Environ Res Risk Assess 2014; 28: 1629\u20131641.","journal-title":"Stochastic Environ Res Risk Assess"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR41","unstructured":"RStudio. RStudio: Integrated development environment for R (Computer software v0.98.1074) 2014. Available at \n                    http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/\n                    \n                   (accessed 30 Sept. 2014)."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2006.06.0374","volume":"47","author":"W Yan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yan W, Kang MS, Ma B, Woods S, Cornelius. PL . GGE biplot vs. AMMI analysis of genotype-by-environment data. Crop Sci 2007; 47: 643\u2013653.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR43","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Xth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae","author":"M Dia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dia M, Wehner TC, Hassell R, Price DS, Boyhan GE, Olson S et al. Mega-environment identification for watermelon yield testing in the US. Cucurbitaceae 2012a Proceedings of the Xth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae, 15-18 October University of Cukurova, Ziraat Fakultesi. P: Antalya, Turkey. 2012a, 385\u2013390."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR44","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Xth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae","author":"M Dia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dia M, Wehner TC, Hassell R, Price DS, Boyhan GE, Olson S et al. Stability of fruit yield in watermelon genotypes tested in multiple US environments. Cucurbitaceae 2012b. Proceedings of the Xth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae, 15-18 October University of Cukurova, Ziraat Fakultesi. P: Antalya, Turkey, 2012b, 84\u201388."},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2002.1100","volume":"42","author":"W Yan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yan W, Rajcan I . Biplot analysis of test sites and trait relations of soybean in Ontario. Crop Sci 2002; 42: 11\u201320.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"BFhortres201666_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2004.0076","volume":"45","author":"W Yan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yan W, Tinker. N . An integrated biplot analysis system for displaying, interpreting, and exploring genotype \u00d7 environment interaction. Crop Sci 2005; 45: 1004\u20131016.","journal-title":"Crop Sci"}],"container-title":["Horticulture Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/hortres201666.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/hortres201666","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/hortres201666.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T18:22:58Z","timestamp":1646763778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hr\/article\/6447919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BFhortres201666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hortres.2016.66","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-7276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-7276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2016","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2016","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16066"}}