{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:37:01Z","timestamp":1760297821466},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,10,1]],"date-time":"1988-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":591667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A derivative of ammonia caramel colour (AC) is known to induce a selective lymphopenia in rats. Accordingly, the haematological effects were studied in mice of oral administration in drinking water of 2\u2010acetyl\u20104(5)\u2010tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), the component of AC responsible for lymphopenia. Initially five groups of BALB\/c mice (five mice per group) were given doses of THI ranging from 0 to 200 parts\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> and bled weekly. Doses of THI from 5 to 100 parts\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> had no effect on circulating leucocytes over 6 weeks, but lymphopenia occurred with 200 parts\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>. An increase in the concentration of THI to 400 parts\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> in the group on the lowest dose resulted in lymphopenia. An increase in dosagein two groups of mice, to 1000 and 2000 parts\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>, resulted in marked lymphopenia. The number of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Measurement of the proportions of CD4(L3T4)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8(Ly2)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphocytes in lymph nodes from mice on high doses of THI did not show a selective depression of either subset, although both were increased relative to non\u2010T cells. THI causes a selective lymphopenia in mice, as in rats, but at relatively higher doses, and merits investigation in mice as an experimental treatment for states of lymphocyte excess or overactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1988.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,20]],"date-time":"2007-07-20T08:05:48Z","timestamp":1184918748000},"page":"395-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lymphopenic effects on mice of a component of ammonia caramel, 2\u2010acetyl\u20104(5)\u2010tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Angelina","family":"Iscaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Research Unit of The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Vic. 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian R","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Research Unit of The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Vic. 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Research Unit of The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Vic. 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Characterization and Specification Systems","author":"Caramel Colors","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(77)90065-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(77)90066-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0141039","article-title":"Comparison of the lymphopenic and biochemical effects of feeding ammonia caramel to rats with a Vitamin B6 deficient diet and a B6 antagonist","volume":"14","author":"Conway CT","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Transact."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(88)90119-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00207a047","article-title":"2\u2010Acetyl\u20104(5)\u2010(1,2,3,4\u2010tetrahydroxybutyl) imidazole: Detection in commercial caramel color III and preparation by a model browning reaction","volume":"50","author":"Kr\u00f6plein U","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00207a048","article-title":"Synthesis of 2\u2010acetyl\u20104\u2010(1,2,3,4\u2010tetrahydroxybutyl) imidazole","volume":"50","author":"Sweeny JG","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00207a049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1984.tb01118.x"}],"container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Ficb.1988.51","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/icb198851","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/icb198851.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/icb.1988.51","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/icb198851.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:09:57Z","timestamp":1695978597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/icb.1988.51"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/icb.1988.51"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/icb.1988.51","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0818-9641","1440-1711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0818-9641","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]}}}