{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T05:10:54Z","timestamp":1695964254881},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10186,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The multimammate rat <jats:italic>Mastomys natalensis<\/jats:italic>, when infected with the filarial parasite <jats:italic>Acanthocheilonema viteae<\/jats:italic>, develops amicrofilaraemia. Worm recovery and the duration and intensity of microfilaraemia were analysed and related to the humoral and cellular immune responses of the host by using an antibody\u2010dependent cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay towards microfilariae (Mf). Mf were detected in the peripheral blood at 7 weeks post\u2010infection (p.i.), reaching maximum levels by 20 weeks p.i., and then gradually decreasing to undetectable levels during the next 36 weeks. The cytotoxic antibodies appeared around 15\u201318 weeks p.i., and the serum at 36 weeks p.i. induced 70% cytotoxicity to the Mf <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in the presence of host cells. The IgM fraction of the immune serum from amicrofilaraemic <jats:italic>Mastomys<\/jats:italic> promoted ADCC to Mf both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic> Macrophages were more potent in inducing cytotoxic effect than eosinophils and neutrophils. Platelets were ineffective in killing the Mf in the presence of immune serum. IgM antibody cleared the circulating Mf from the blood when given passively to infected <jats:italic>Mastomys.<\/jats:italic> The average recovery of adult worms was about 20% of the inoculated larvae. No live females could be recovered 56 weeks p.i. Thus protective immune responses built up over an extended period of time are elicited against the Mf and perhaps even to adults in <jats:italic>Mastomys<\/jats:italic> infected with <jats:italic>A. viteae.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1990.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]],"date-time":"2007-07-06T11:06:18Z","timestamp":1183719978000},"page":"21-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune response to <i>Acanthocheilonema viteae<\/i> infection in multimammate rats (<i>Mastomys natalensis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Chandrashekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U. R.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Subrahmanyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1964.13.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00022677"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(75)90005-3","article-title":"Dipetalonema viteae: Primary, secondary and tertiary infections in hamsters","volume":"31","author":"Neilson J. T. M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp. 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Helminthol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00028078"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_2","first-page":"773","article-title":"The slow concentration of macroglobulin antibodies to peripheral lymph","volume":"16","author":"Hall J. G.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(81)90035-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(86)90043-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_2","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Practical Immunology","author":"Hudson L.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Studies on D. viteae (Filaroidea). 3. Antibody\u2010dependent cell\u2010mediated destruction of microfilariae in vivo","volume":"30","author":"Weiss N.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"IgE\u2010mediated adherence and cytotoxicity of rat spleen and peritoneal cells to L. carinii microfilariae","volume":"41","author":"Mehta K.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00216.x","article-title":"In vivo encapsulation and killing of L. carinii in white rats","volume":"10","author":"Ogubu V. C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.2.716","article-title":"IgE antibody in eosinophil\u2010 and macrophage\u2010mediated killing of D. viteae microfilariae","volume":"127","author":"Haque A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_2","first-page":"585","article-title":"Neutrophil\u2010mediated killing of D. viteae microfilariae. Simultaneous presence of IgE, IgG and complement is required","volume":"51","author":"Aime N.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_2","first-page":"411","article-title":"B. pahangi: Serum\u2010dependent cell\u2010mediated reactions to sheathed and exsheathed microfilariae","volume":"53","author":"Chandrashekar R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin and antibody levels and the passive transfer of resistance in hamsters infected with D. viteae","volume":"38","author":"Neilson J. T. 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