{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:10:27Z","timestamp":1760645427609},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9883,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several attempts have been made to induce resistance in mice to <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> (Philippines) or <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> by exposure to living male and\/or female adult worms, their antigens or irradiated cercariae. No resistance was demonstrated in the following cases: re\u2010exposure of mice to cercariae following praziquantel (PZQ) treatment of existing infection; re\u2010exposure of mice following cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment at the time of first cerearial exposure; subcutaneous or intraperitoneal deposition of living male or female worms; repeated intranasal administration of crude worm homogenates plus <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic> vaccine (BPV) as adjuvant. Homologous <jats:sup>60<\/jats:sup>Co\u2010irradiated cercariae were very effective at inducing resistance to infection with <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> but not to infection with <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> (Philippines) in a limited series of experiments. A regime of infection, immunization with homologous <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\u2010derived glutathione\u2010S\u2010transferases (GST), then PZQ treatment followed by homologous re\u2010exposure did not result in significant resistance in either the <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> or the <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> (Philippines) systems. Mice given irradiated cercariae plus GST were not more resistant to subsequent <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection than mice given irradiated cercariae alone. The results generally confirm and extend those reported by others with the conclusion that resistance to schistosomes in mice is difficult to achieve by exposure to adult worm antigens alone. Moreover, additional immunization with the GST available to date as cloned gene products, and injected in Freund's complete adjuvant, does not influence the outcome of exposure to crude worm antigens including any additive effects of protective irradiated cercariae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1990.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]],"date-time":"2007-07-06T11:18:12Z","timestamp":1183720692000},"page":"377-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Attempts to induce resistance in mice to <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i> and <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> by exposure to crude schistosome antigens plus cloned glutathione\u2010S\u2010transferases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"G. F.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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