{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T09:49:45Z","timestamp":1696067385351},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8909,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A model for peripheral tolerance is proposed in which immune reactivity is controlled by the presence (cf. absence) of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Continuous \u2018tonic\u2019 recognition of self is maintained throughout adult life by, among others, a subset of \u2018autoreactive\u2019 CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells recognizing \u2018dominant\u2019 determinants derived from self\u2010antigens. It is hypothesized that these cells have survived intrathymic deletion to be tolerized in the periphery, where they continue to function by tolerizing other similarly reactive thymic emigrants. This \u2018image\u2019 of self is postulated to arise during fetal and early neonatal life, remaining largely invariant thereafter, and serves as the backdrop against which recognition of \u2018non\u2010self\u2019 occurs. The model is discussed in the context of two examples of experimental autoimmune disease: induced autoimmunity in the 2\u20134 day old neonatally thymectomized mouse and spontaneous diabetes in the non\u2010obese diabetic (NOD) mouse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1993.37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T09:22:22Z","timestamp":1183454542000},"page":"327-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Images of self: A model for tonic peripheral tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"RUDY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"LEW","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60487-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60698-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.000411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Immunology","author":"Talal N.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344296"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.6.1565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.6.1577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.2.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90170-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.3.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.10.3400"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358155a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2558(08)60192-7","article-title":"The Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse: A model for the study of the cell biology of the pathogenesis of an organ specific autoimmune disease","volume":"5","author":"Mandel T. 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