{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:11:23Z","timestamp":1761487883846},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8605,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the relationship between the sensitivity of mouse splenocytes in immune response to nitrogen oxides and energy consumption rate of the cells. Macrophage\u2010like cells (Mm 1) pretreated with lL\u20106 served as the source of the nitrogen oxides. The antibody production of both 2,4,6\u2010trinitrophenyl\u2010keyhole limpet haemocyanin\u2010primed splenocytes and B cell hybridomas was markedly reduced; about 20\u201340% of splenocytes and B cell hybridomas were killed by co\u2010culture with IL\u20106\u2010treated Mm 1. Cell viability and antibody production were completely restored by the addition of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>\u2010monomethyl L\u2010arginine to the culture medium. The cytotoxicity of the nitrogen oxides was correlated with the distance between effector and target cells. Under conditions of low cytotoxicity, antibody production by B cell hybridomas was suppressed by the nitrogen oxides, this suppression not being correlated with the reduction in cell growth. The sensitivity of the target cells differed in co\u2010cultures of antigen\u2010primed splenocytes and B cell hybridomas with IL\u20106\u2010treated Mm 1. The nitric oxide\u2010sensitivity of the cells corresponded to their 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reducing activity and ATP consumption rate. These findings suggest that nitrogen oxides act as regulatory molecules in immune response in three ways: cytostasis, reduction of cell growth and suppression of antibody synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1994.36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T09:17:11Z","timestamp":1183454231000},"page":"241-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inhibitory mechanisms of antibody production by nitrogen oxides released from activated macrophages during the immune response: Relationship to energy consumption"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"KUNIAKI","family":"TAKAGI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"IKUEI","family":"NUKAYA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KIYOSHI","family":"YASUKAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YASUNOBU","family":"SUKETA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(88)80015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.5.1543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4794","article-title":"Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L\u2010arginine","volume":"144","author":"Liew F. 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