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These mechanisms are established partly by fixed interactions dictated by genetically defined structures, but they are also attained by calibration during ontogeny. This calibration depends on the ordered expression of early components (each of which is invariant), on their interaction with specific ligands, and on the receipt of invariant signals for calibration. Lymphocytes calibrate themselves by expressing various cell surface components, such as restricted heavy chain D\u2010regions and pseudo\u2010light chains. These are expressed in association with elements that will make up the antigen\u2010receptor complex of mature lymphocytes. Calibration by invariant signals results in the establishment, selection and active maintenance of cellular activities which serve to control lymphocyte function. Since these cellular activities are one of a number of possible conditions, they are referred to as variant controls. Effectively calibrated basic cellular functions, specialized responses and cellular interactions allow lymphocytes to attain self\u2010nonself discrimination. If calibration fails, lymphocytes will develop abnormalities, such as immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1994.75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T09:19:03Z","timestamp":1183454343000},"page":"508-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Do lymphocytes require calibration?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"NICHOLAS R.","family":"Stc. 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