{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:43:17Z","timestamp":1770720197148,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7874,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL\u20104 transgenic mice of C3H genetic background expressing IL\u20104 under the control of an MHC class I promoter were infected with <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> and the immune response was assessed. In contrast to littermate control mice, the transgenic mice were unable to restrict the growth of the parasites as shown by the strong increase in footpad swelling and parasite numbers in the spleen. The observed susceptibility was markedly less severe than that observed in BALB\/c mice. Restimulation of lymph node cells with <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> antigen <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and subsequent analysis of cytokine secretion revealed that, in contrast to BALB\/c mice, the cells from the IL\u20104 transgenic mice secreted more IL\u20105 and similar amounts of IFN\u2010\u03b3 as did the cells from litter mate control mice. These results demonstrate that the transgenic expression of IL\u20104 <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> leads to the generation of more Th2 cells without affecting the generation of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing Th1 cells. This indicates that under certain conditions Th1 and Th2 immune responses during infection with L. <jats:italic>major<\/jats:italic>are not mutually exclusive, and that other factors besides the secretion of IL\u20104 determine whether only a Th1 or a Th2 immune response develops. The observed susceptibility of IL\u20104 transgenic mice to <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> was not due to the lack of IFN\u2010\u03b3 production but presumably to the transgenic and Th2 cell\u2010derived IL\u20104 counteracting the otherwise protective effect of IFN\u2010\u03b3 on infected macrophages. Our results might help explain why humans develop cutaneous leishmaniasis even though IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing ceils are readily detectable in the lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1996.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,16]],"date-time":"2007-06-16T14:04:30Z","timestamp":1182002670000},"page":"239-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Susceptibility to <i>Leishmania major<\/i> in IL\u20104 transgenic mice is not correlated with the lack of a Th1 immune response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"KLAUS J.","family":"ERB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHRISTINE","family":"BLANK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HEIDRUN","family":"MOLL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348","article-title":"Two types of murine helper T cell clones: Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins","volume":"136","author":"Mosmann TR","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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