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Epitope mimicry may indeed be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as post\u2010viral myocarditis or Chagas disease, but for many other diseases in which it has been implicated, such as insulin\u2010dependent diabetes mellitis or rheumatoid arthritis, convincing evidence is still lacking. Even if an epitope mimic can support a cross\u2010reactive T or B cell response <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, its ability to induce an autoimmune disease <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> will depend upon the appropriate presentation of the mimicked host antigen in the target tissue and, in the case of T cell mimics, the ability of the mimicking epitope to induce a proliferative rather than anergizing response upon engagement of the MHC\u2010peptide complex with the T cell receptor. B cell presentation of mimicking foreign antigen to T cells is a possible mechanism for instigating an autoimmune response to self antigens that in turn can lead to autoimmune disease under particular conditions of antigen presentation, secondary signalling and effector cell repertoire. In this review evidence in support of epitope mimicry is examined in the light of the necessary immunological considerations of the theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1997.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]],"date-time":"2007-05-21T18:48:54Z","timestamp":1179773334000},"page":"113-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Molecular mimicry: Can epitope mimicry induce autoimmune disease?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Janet M","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Programme, School of Biological and Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90507-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Detection of M2 antibodies in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection using an ELISA and purified PBC specific antigens. 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