{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:20:18Z","timestamp":1791091218696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 EY019550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 EY019550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal infection is the most common clinical manifestation of toxoplasmosis. The route by which circulating <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> tachyzoites cross the vascular endothelium to enter the human retina is unknown. Convincing studies using murine encephalitis models have strongly implicated leukocyte taxis as one pathway used by the parasite to access target organs. To establish whether tachyzoites might also interact directly with vascular endothelium, we populated a transwell system with human ocular endothelial cells. Human retinal endothelial monolayers permitted transmigration of tachyzoites of RH and three natural isolate strains. Antibody blockade of intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 significantly reduced this migration, but did not impact tachyzoite movement across an endothelial monolayer derived from the choroid, which lies adjacent to the retina within the eye. In demonstrating that tachyzoites are capable of independent migration across human vascular endothelium <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, this study carries implications for the development of therapeutics aimed at preventing access of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> to the retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T11:17:22Z","timestamp":1335266242000},"page":"912-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> tachyzoites cross retinal endothelium assisted by intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M","family":"Furtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita S","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J","family":"Chipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam M","family":"Ashander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine R","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)00990-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2008.00703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1960.01840010906012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Visualization and quantitative analysis of leukocyte dynamics in retinal microcirculation of rats","volume":"37","author":"Nishiwaki H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.148205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00150-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702356104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2000.0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.1.473-478.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0322"}],"container-title":["Immunology &amp; 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