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Currently, it is not known whether immunological rejection processes are involved in the induction of normal term or irresistible preterm labor. In this study, we examined whether there were differences in the percentage of the total CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD127<jats:sup>low+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Treg\u2010cell pool, its suppressive activity and its composition with distinct Treg subsets (HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup>\u2010, HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>high+<\/jats:sup>\u2010, HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\u2010 and naive CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tregs) between preterm and term laboring women. We found that its percentage was decreased neither in term nor in preterm laboring women. Its suppressive activity was strongly diminished in preterm laboring women and to a lesser extent in spontaneously term laboring women. During the normal course of pregnancy, its composition changed in such a way that the percentage of naive CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tregs increased while the percentage of the highly suppressive HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup>\u2010 and HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>high+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tregs decreased significantly until term. With the onset of spontaneous term labor this phenomenon was reversed and reached significant values postpartum. In addition, we confirmed that both the decreased percentage of HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tregs within the total Treg\u2010cell pool and their decreased level of HLA\u2010DR expression (depending on the percentage of HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>low+<\/jats:sup>\u2010 and HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>high+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tregs) had a reducing effect on the suppressive activity of the total Treg cell pool in preterm laboring women. However, spontaneous term delivery was associated with increasing percentages of HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tregs and increasing HLA\u2010DR expression of this Treg subset. Therefore, it becomes apparent that the mechanisms inducing term or preterm labor may be completely different.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T11:55:22Z","timestamp":1341316522000},"page":"935-944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Term and preterm labor: decreased suppressive activity and changes in composition of the regulatory T\u2010cell pool"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Schober","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Radnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Mahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Steinborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.8.5737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04493.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903781"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-005660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.8.4622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110373148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00441-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0426"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.11.1285"}],"container-title":["Immunology &amp; 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