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Here we show that inflammatory monocytes (IMs), but not neutrophils, produce IFN\u2010\u03b2 in response to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. This difference correlated with the mode of parasite entry into host cells, with phagocytic uptake predominating in IMs and active invasion predominating in neutrophils. We also show that expression of IFN\u2010\u03b2 requires phagocytic uptake of the parasite by IMs, and signaling through Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) and MyD88. Finally, we show that IMs are major producers of IFN\u2010\u03b2 in mesenteric lymph nodes following <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> oral infection of mice, and mice lacking the receptor for type I IFN\u20101 show higher parasite loads and reduced survival. Our data reveal a TLR and internalization\u2010dependent pathway in IMs for IFN\u2010\u03b2 induction to a non\u2010viral pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.70","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1409045874000},"page":"872-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Internalization and TLR\u2010dependent type I interferon production by monocytes in response to <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Seong\u2010Ji","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California\u2013Berkeley Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J","family":"Melichar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California\u2013Berkeley Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine L","family":"Coombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California\u2013Berkeley Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiao Wei","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California\u2013Berkeley Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita A","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease) and Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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