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Baseline B\u2010cell subsets could be distinguished from each other using a small number of repertoire properties (clonality, mutation from germline and complementarity\u2010determining region 3 (CDR3) length) that were conserved between individuals. However, analyzing the CDR3 amino\u2010acid sequence (which is particularly important for antigen binding) of the baseline subsets showed few sequences shared between individuals. In contrast, day 7 PCs demonstrated nearly 10\u2010fold greater sequence sharing between individuals than the baseline subsets, consistent with the PCs being induced by the vaccine antigen and sharing specificity for a more limited range of epitopes. By annotating PC sequences based on IgG subclass usage and mutation, and also comparing them with the sequences of the baseline cell subsets, we were able to identify different signatures after the polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines. PCs produced after conjugate vaccination were predominantly IgG1, and most related to IgG memory cells. In contrast, after polysaccharide vaccination, the PCs were predominantly IgG2, less mutated and were equally likely to be related to MZ, IgM memory or IgG memory cells. High\u2010throughput B\u2010cell repertoire sequencing thus provides a unique insight into patterns of B\u2010cell activation not possible from more conventional measures of immunogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.57","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T08:21:45Z","timestamp":1431678105000},"page":"885-895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["BCR repertoire sequencing: different patterns of B\u2010cell activation after two Meningococcal vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Jacob D","family":"Galson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Center  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Clutterbuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of 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