{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:55:22Z","timestamp":1790366122761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81020108029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81020108029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81401294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81401294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009002","name":"Ministry of Education and Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFMEFI60414X0118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFMEFI60414X0118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable for immune homeostasis, but their study in humans is complicated by heterogeneity within Treg, the difficulty in purifying Tregs using surface marker expression (e.g. CD25) and the transient expression of FOXP3 by activated effector cells. Here, we report that expression of CD39 and CD45RO distinguishes three sub\u2010populations within human CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> T cells. Initial phenotypic and functional analysis demonstrated that CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD39<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells had properties consistent with effector Treg, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD39<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells were na\u00efve Treg and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD39<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were predominantly non\u2010Treg with effector T\u2010cell function. Differences in these two newly identified Treg subsets were corroborated by studies of gene expression and TCR analysis. To apply this approach, we studied these two newly identified Treg subsets in ankylosing spondylitis, and showed impairment in both effector and na\u00efve Treg. This work highlights the importance of discriminating Treg subsets to enable proper comparisons of immune regulatory capacity in healthy individuals and those with inflammatory disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.90","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T08:20:47Z","timestamp":1444897247000},"page":"293-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["TCR usage, gene expression and function of two distinct FOXP3<sup>+<\/sup>Treg subsets within CD4<sup>+<\/sup>CD25<sup>hi<\/sup> T cells identified by expression of CD39 and CD45RO"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Lingying","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane 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Second Military Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital  Cambridge 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