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The female reproductive tract, along with the placenta and uterine decidua during pregnancy, are populated by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells predominantly expressing the invariant V\u03b36<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> receptor. Surprisingly little is understood about the function of these cells. We found that the majority of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the non\u2010pregnant uterus, pregnant uterus, decidua and placenta of mice express the transcription factor ROR\u03b3t and produce interleukin\u201017 (IL\u201017). In contrast, IFN\u03b3\u2010producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were markedly reduced in gestational tissues compared with uterine\u2010draining lymph nodes and spleen. Both uterine\u2010resident invariant V\u03b36<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and V\u03b34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells which are more typically found in lymphoid tissues and circulating blood, were found to express IL\u201017. V\u03b34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were particularly enriched in the placenta, suggesting a pregnancy\u2010specific recruitment or expansion of these cells. A small increase in IL\u201017\u2010producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells was observed in allogeneic compared with syngeneic pregnancy, suggesting a contribution to regulating the maternal response to paternally\u2010derived alloantigens. However, their high proportions also in non\u2010pregnant uteri and gestational tissues of syngeneic pregnancy imply a role in the prevention of intrauterine infection or quality control of fetal development. These data suggest the need for a more rigorous evaluation of the role of IL\u201017 in sustaining normal pregnancy, particularly as emerging data points to a pathogenic role for IL\u201017 in pre\u2010eclampsia, pre\u2010term birth, miscarriage and maternal immune activation\u2010induced behavioral abnormalities in offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T09:44:39Z","timestamp":1464687879000},"page":"623-630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The majority of murine \u03b3\u03b4 T cells at the maternal\u2013fetal interface in pregnancy produce IL\u201017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Gabriela V","family":"Pinget","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research  Darlinghurst NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa 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