{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:19:43Z","timestamp":1784546383872,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011781","name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["85230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["85230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mortality associated with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> infection remains high during the sub\u2010acute phase of burn injury. In this study, we aimed to improve antibacterial resistance of sub\u2010acutely burned mice through macrophage polarization. Sepsis did not develop in mice at the sub\u2010acute phase of 5% total body surface area (TBSA) burn after being infected with methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), and M1 macrophages (interleukin (IL)\u201010<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>IL\u201012<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> inducible nitric oxide synthase<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> M\u03c6) were isolated from these mice. In contrast, predominantly M2b macrophages (C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u201010<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u201012<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> M\u03c6) were isolated from mice with &gt;15% TBSA burn, and all of these mice died after the same MRSA infection. Comparing NOD <jats:italic>scid<\/jats:italic> gamma mice inoculated with M\u03c6 with 25% TBSA burns, all mice treated with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) survived after MRSA infection, whereas all untreated mice given the same infection died within 4 days. CCL1 antisense ODN has been characterized as a specific polarizer of M2bM\u03c6. M1M\u03c6 were isolated from MRSA\u2010infected mice with 25% TBSA burn after treatment with CCL1 antisense ODN, and these mice were shown to be resistant against a lethal dose of MRSA infection. M1M\u03c6 were also isolated from 25% TBSA\u2010burned mice infected with MRSA when the ODN was administered therapeutically, and subsequent sepsis was effectively controlled in these mice. These results indicate that the M2bM\u03c6 polarizer is beneficial for controlling MRSA infection in mice at the sub\u2010acute phase of severe burn injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T08:45:00Z","timestamp":1473151500000},"page":"198-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Macrophage polarization and MRSA infection in burned mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Nishiguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston TX 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