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Serpinb9 opposes the immune cytotoxic protease, granzyme B, and in a number of settings protects cells against granzyme B\u2010mediated cell death. Using a knockout mouse line engineered to express green fluorescent protein under the serpbinb9 promoter, we demonstrate that serpinb9 is vital for host survival during <jats:italic>Ectromelia<\/jats:italic> virus infection by maintaining both mature natural killer NK) cells, and activated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Serpinb9 expression parallels granzyme B expression within both populations during infection. Maturing serpinb9\u2010null NK cells exhibit higher levels of granzyme B\u2010mediated apoptosis during infection; hence there are fewer mature NK cells, and these cells also have lower cytotoxic potential. Thus the serpinb9\u2013granzyme B axis is important for homeostasis of both major cytotoxic effector cell populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2017.59","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T10:51:37Z","timestamp":1500461497000},"page":"884-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A pro\u2010survival role for the intracellular granzyme B inhibitor Serpinb9 in natural killer cells during poxvirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Matthew S","family":"Mangan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina R","family":"Melo\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emerging Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian 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