{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:51:21Z","timestamp":1791697881834,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Obes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]],"date-time":"2011-08-16T05:10:36Z","timestamp":1313471436000},"page":"843-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":618,"title":["Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the NN8022-1807 Investigators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Astrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Finer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kunesova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E J","family":"Lean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Niskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M F","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"R\u00f6ssner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Van Gaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410607","volume":"341","author":"WC Willett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Willett WC, Dietz WH, Colditz GA . Guidelines for healthy weight. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 427\u2013434.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05487","volume":"444","author":"LF Van Gaal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Gaal LF, Mertens IL, De Block CE . Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease. Nature 2006; 444: 875\u2013880.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","volume":"346","author":"WC Knowler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393\u2013403.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"BFijo2011158_CR4","first-page":"51S","volume":"6","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"1998","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults\u2014The Evidence Report. Obes Res 1998; 6 (Suppl 2): 51S\u2013209S.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.32","volume":"8","author":"IL Mertens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mertens IL, Van Gaal LF . Overweight, obesity, and blood pressure: the effects of modest weight reduction. Obes Res 2000; 8: 270\u2013278.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8210","volume":"8","author":"A Avenell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Avenell A, Broom J, Brown TJ, Poobalan A, Aucott L, Stearns SC et al. Systematic review of the long-term effects and economic consequences of treatments for obesity and implications for health improvement. Health Technol Assess 2004; 8: iii\u2013iv, 1.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR7","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA Guidance for Industry: developing products for weight management, 2007."},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR8","unstructured":"NHS, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Obesity - guidance on the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. NICE clinical guideline 43, 2006."},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR9","unstructured":"EMEA, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on clinical evaluation of medicinal products used in weight control, 15 November 2007."},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61246-5","volume":"373","author":"A Garber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, Garcia-Hernandez PA, Rodriguez-Pattzi H, Olvera-Alvarez I et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 473\u2013481.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2593","volume":"30","author":"T Vilsboll","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vilsboll T, Zdravkovic M, Le-Thi T, Krarup T, Schmitz O, Courr\u00e8ges JP et al. Liraglutide, a long-acting human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, given as monotherapy significantly improves glycemic control and lowers body weight without risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1608\u20131610.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61375-1","volume":"374","author":"A Astrup","year":"2009","unstructured":"Astrup A, Rossner S, Van Gaal L, Rissanen A, Niskanen L, Al Hakim M et al. Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2009; 374: 1606\u20131616.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3043","volume":"284","author":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki","year":"2000","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2000; 284: 3043\u20133045.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.12.3331","volume":"26","author":"S Genuth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Genuth S, Alberti KG, Bennett P, Buse J, Defronzo R, Kahn R et al. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 3160\u20133167.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program","year":"2002","unstructured":"National Cholesterol Education Program. Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143\u20133421.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6","volume":"109","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grundy SM, Brewer Jr HB, Cleeman JI, Smith Jr SC, Lenfant C . Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the national heart, lung, and blood institute\/American heart association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433\u2013438.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.13","volume":"9","author":"RL Kolotkin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kolotkin RL, Crosby RD, Kosloski KD, Williams GR . Development of a brief measure to assess quality of life in obesity. Obes Res 2001; 9: 102\u2013111.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1272","volume":"151","author":"LB Knudsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knudsen LB, Madsen LW, Andersen S, Almholt K, de Boer AS, Drucker DJ et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists activate rodent thyroid C-cells causing calcitonin release and C-cell proliferation. Endocrinology 2010; 151: 1473\u20131486.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00012","volume":"142","author":"Z Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li Z, Maglione M, Tu W, Mojica W, Arterburn D, Shugarman LR et al. Meta-analysis: pharmacologic treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 532\u2013546.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1955.10501294","volume":"50","author":"CW Dunnett","year":"1955","unstructured":"Dunnett CW . A multiple comparisons procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. J Am Stat Assoc 1955; 50: 1096\u20131121.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR21","first-page":"CD004094","volume":"3","author":"R Padwal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Padwal R, Li SK, Lau DC . Long-term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 3: CD004094.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2005.00483.x","volume":"7","author":"H Toplak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Toplak H, Ziegler O, Keller U, Hamann A, Godin C, Wittert G et al. X-PERT: weight reduction with orlistat in obese subjects receiving a mildly or moderately reduced-energy diet. Early response to treatment predicts weight maintenance. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005; 7: 699\u2013708.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.14.2185","volume":"160","author":"FG McMahon","year":"2000","unstructured":"McMahon FG, Fujioka K, Singh BN, Mendel CM, Rowe E, Rolston K et al. Efficacy and safety of sibutramine in obese white and African American patients with hypertension - a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 2185\u20132191.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0904-9","volume":"13","author":"XM Nguyen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nguyen XM, Lane J, Smith BR, Nguyen NT . Changes in inflammatory biomarkers across weight classes in a representative US population: a link between obesity and inflammation. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 1205\u20131212.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"BFijo2011158_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(06)80040-2","volume":"8","author":"FX Pi-Sunyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pi-Sunyer FX . The relation of adipose tissue to cardiometabolic risk. Clin Cornerstone 2006; 8 (Suppl 4): S14\u2013S23.","journal-title":"Clin Cornerstone"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.27","volume":"33","author":"A Belza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Belza A, Toubro S, Stender S, Astrup A . Effect of diet-induced energy deficit and body fat reduction on high-sensitive CRP and other inflammatory markers in obese subjects. Int J Obes 2009; 33: 456\u2013464.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02484.x","volume":"25","author":"JP Courreges","year":"2008","unstructured":"Courreges JP, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, Zdravkovic M, Le-Thi T, Krarup T, Schmitz O et al. Beneficial effects of once-daily liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2008; 25: 1125\u20131131.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60888-4","volume":"376","author":"A Astrup","year":"2010","unstructured":"Astrup A . Is cardiometabolic risk improved by weight-loss drugs? Lancet 2010; 376: 595\u2013605.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003114","volume":"363","author":"WPT James","year":"2010","unstructured":"James WPT, Caterson ID, Coutinho W, Finer N, Van Gaal LF, Maggioni AP et al. Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 905\u2013917.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFijo2011158_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801814","volume":"25","author":"E Muls","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muls E, Kolanowski J, Scheen A, Van GL . The effects of orlistat on weight and on serum lipids in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 1713\u20131721.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.203","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339459200000}},{"DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.192","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360627200000}}],"container-title":["International Journal of Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijo2011158.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T13:25:20Z","timestamp":1684416320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijo2011158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFijo2011158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2011.158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-0565","1476-5497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-0565","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2011","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2011","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2011","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2012","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been corrected since Advance Online Publication and a corrigendum is also printed in this issue","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Liraglutide is a Novo Nordisk proprietary compound under development for the treatment of obesity. AA has done commercially sponsored research for Novo Nordisk, is an advisory board member for Novo Nordisk, 7TM, Neuro-Search, Amylin\/Takeda, Pathway Genomics, Jenny Craig, and has been a consultant to the following companies within the last 3 years: Orexigen, Vivus, Arena, GSK, Novo Nordisk, 7TM, Pharma, Neurosearch, and Johnson and Johnson. SR has done paid lecturing and commercially sponsored research for Novo Nordisk. LVG was an advisory board member for Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and has done commercially sponsored research for Novo Nordisk. AR has done commercially sponsored research and\/or been an advisory board member for Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Johnson and Johnson, Boeringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly. LN has done paid lecturing and commercially sponsored research for Eli Lily, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca, Sanofi Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer, and is an advisory board member for Novo Nordisk and Astra Zeneca. NF was an advisory board member and has done paid lecturing and commercially sponsored research for Novo Nordisk, Abbott laboratories and Sanofi Aventis, and is an advisory board member for Pfizer, Allergan and Takeda. MEJL and MJS have done commercially sponsored research for Novo Nordisk, and MEJL has done paid lecturing for Novo Nordisk. RC has done paid lecturing and commercially sponsored research for Astra Zeneca, Novo Nordisk, Novartis and Sanofi Aventis. MK has done commercially sponsored research for Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim. AH and MFR are employees of Novo Nordisk and own stock in Novo Nordisk. The work was funded by Novo Nordisk A\/S, Denmark.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}