{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:10:21Z","timestamp":1777421421083,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Oral Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2017.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T14:38:50Z","timestamp":1506695930000},"page":"174-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity, osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Reicheneder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000456","volume":"29","author":"LA Peterson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peterson LA, Hecht SS . Tobacco, e-cigarettes, and child health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2017; 29 (2): 225\u2013230.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2553-0","volume":"368","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Meier M, Bauer K et al. Meloxicam medication reduces orthodontically induced dental root resorption and tooth movement velocity: a combined in vivo and in vitro study of dental-periodontal cells and tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368 (1): 61\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjl001","volume":"28","author":"MC Meikle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meikle MC . The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt. Eur J Orthod 2006; 28 (3): 221\u2013240.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.2.210","volume":"17","author":"H Kanzaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Shimizu Y et al. Periodontal ligament cells under mechanical stress induce osteoclastogenesis by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand up-regulation via prostaglandin E2 synthesis. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17 (2): 210\u2013220.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4864195","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4864195","volume":"2016","author":"L Feller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feller L, Khammissa RAG, Thomadakis G et al. Apical external root resorption and repair in orthodontic tooth movement: biological events. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016: 4864195.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR6","first-page":"175","volume":"72","author":"N Brezniak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brezniak N, Wasserstein A . Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part I: the basic science aspects. Angle Orthod 2002; 72 (2): 175\u2013179.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)\u2014Regional Office for EuropeTobacco\u2014Data and Statistics. Available at: http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/disease-prevention\/tobacco\/data-and-statistics (accessed 1 May 2017)."},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1999.0031","volume":"130","author":"TM Buttke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Buttke TM, Proffit WR . Referring adult patients for orthodontic treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 1999; 130 (1): 73\u201379.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/713688132","volume":"2","author":"JM Zakarian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zakarian JM, Hovell MF, Conway TL et al. Tobacco use and other risk behaviors: cross-sectional and predictive relationships for adolescent orthodontic patients. Nicotine Tob Res 2000; 2 (2): 179\u2013186.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-015-0283-7","volume":"76","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Proff P, Maurer M et al. Orthodontic forces add to nicotine-induced loss of periodontal bone: An in vivo and in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop 2015; 76 (3): 195\u2013212.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFijos201734_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155594","volume":"11","author":"M Kubota","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kubota M, Yanagita M, Mori K et al. The effects of cigarette smoke condensate and nicotine on periodontal tissue in a periodontitis model mouse. PLoS One 2016; 11 (5): e0155594.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFijos201734_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-9-7-97","volume":"9","author":"VK Laxman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Laxman VK, Annaji S . Tobacco use and its effects on the periodontium and periodontal therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008; 9 (7): 97\u2013107.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.65442","volume":"14","author":"R Malhotra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malhotra R, Kapoor A, Grover V et al. Nicotine and periodontal tissues. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2010; 14 (1): 72\u201379.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-0949-9","volume":"340","author":"XJ Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang XJ, Liu YF, Wang QY et al. Functional expression of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and rat periodontal tissues. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 340 (2): 347\u2013355.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01290.x","volume":"45","author":"YF Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu YF, Wu LA, Wang J et al. Micro-computerized tomography analysis of alveolar bone loss in ligature- and nicotine-induced experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45 (6): 714\u2013719.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"BFijos201734_CR16","first-page":"122","volume":"6","author":"H Khorshidi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khorshidi H, Moaddeli MR, Golkari A et al. The prevalence of pathologic tooth migration with respect to the severity of periodontitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6 (Suppl 2): 122\u2013125.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"issue":"11","key":"BFijos201734_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw105","volume":"18","author":"AA Akinkugbe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akinkugbe AA, Slade GD, Divaris K et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18 (11): 2047\u20132056.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2016.10.004","volume":"210","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Fanghanel J, Wahlmann U et al. Interactive effects of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on dental root resorption, tooth movement velocity and alveolar bone loss in a rat model. Ann Anat 2017; 210: 32\u201343.","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01095.x","volume":"44","author":"T Breivik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Breivik T, Gundersen Y, Gjermo P et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation mediates nicotine-induced enhancement of experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44 (1): 110\u2013116.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2013.08.003","volume":"195","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Proff P, Fanghaenel J et al. Differentiated analysis of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with an improved rat model and three-dimensional imaging. Ann Anat 2013; 195 (6): 539\u2013553.","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2015.11.005","volume":"204","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Proff P, Fangh\u00e4nel J et al. Reference genes for valid gene expression studies on rat dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissue by means of RT-qPCR with a focus on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. Ann Anat 2016; 204: 93\u2013105.","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.09.039","volume":"744","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Wolf M, Reicheneder C et al. Strontium ranelate improved tooth anchorage and reduced root resorption in orthodontic treatment of rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744: 67\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0441-0","volume":"190","author":"SG Matta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matta SG, Balfour DJ, Benowitz NL et al. Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research. Psychopharmacology 2007; 190 (3): 269\u2013319.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.2.147","volume":"62","author":"PJ Hanes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hanes PJ, Schuster GS, Lubas S . Binding, uptake, and release of nicotine by human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 1991; 62 (2): 147\u2013152.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"BFijos201734_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1989.60.10.564","volume":"60","author":"MJ Cuff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cuff MJ, McQuade MJ, Scheidt MJ et al. The presence of nicotine on root surfaces of periodontally diseased teeth in smokers. J Periodontol 1989; 60 (10): 564\u2013569.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFijos201734_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2003.00681.x","volume":"38","author":"YC Chang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chang YC, Tsai CH, Yang SH et al. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with nicotine. J Periodontal Res 2003; 38 (5): 496\u2013501.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFijos201734_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00587.x","volume":"23","author":"CA Czuszak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Czuszak CA, Sutherland DE, Billman MA et al. Prostaglandin E2 potentiates interleukin-1 beta induced interleukin-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts. J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23 (7): 635\u2013640.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFijos201734_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2014.6.5.449","volume":"6","author":"JS Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho JS, Han IH, Lee HR et al. Prostaglandin E2 Induces IL-6 and IL-8 Production by the EP Receptors\/Akt\/NF-kappaB Pathways in Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblasts. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6 (5): 449\u2013457.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"BFijos201734_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090098","volume":"80","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Pi SH, Kim Y et al. Effects of nicotine on antioxidant defense enzymes and RANKL expression in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2009; 80 (8): 1281\u20131288.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFijos201734_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1259","volume":"31","author":"LZ Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu LZ, Duan DM, Liu YF et al. Nicotine favors osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells by upregulating IL-1beta. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31 (4): 938\u2013942.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"BFijos201734_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.08.017","volume":"78","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Tanabe N, Shoji M et al. Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the formation of osteoclast-like cells by increasing macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prostaglandin E2 production by osteoblasts. Life Sci 2006; 78 (15): 1733\u20131740.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-197-43221","volume":"197","author":"WK Ramp","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ramp WK, Lenz LG, Galvin RJ . Nicotine inhibits collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity, but stimulates DNA synthesis in osteoblast-like cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1991; 197 (1): 36\u201343.","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.02088.x","volume":"22","author":"L Ma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ma L, Zwahlen RA, Zheng LW et al. Influence of nicotine on the biological activity of rabbit osteoblasts. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22 (3): 338\u2013342.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060180","volume":"169","author":"T Kawai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kawai T, Matsuyama T, Hosokawa Y et al. B and T lymphocytes are the primary sources of RANKL in the bone resorptive lesion of periodontal disease. Am J Pathol 2006; 169 (3): 987\u2013998.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"181","author":"CO Zachariae","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zachariae CO . Chemotactic cytokines and inflammation. Biological properties of the lymphocyte and monocyte chemotactic factors ELCF, MCAF and IL-8. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 1993; 181: 1\u201337.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl"},{"issue":"12","key":"BFijos201734_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(70)90003-8","volume":"15","author":"FE Khouw","year":"1970","unstructured":"Khouw FE, Goldhaber P . Changes in vasculature of the periodontium associated with tooth movement in the rhesus monkey and dog. Arch Oral Biol 1970; 15 (12): 1125\u20131132.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841840","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/841840","volume":"2013","author":"A Niklas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niklas A, Proff P, Gosau M, R\u00f6mer P . The role of hypoxia in orthodontic tooth movement. Int J Dent 2013; 2013: 841840.","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-006-0733-9","volume":"25","author":"H Hapidin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hapidin H, Othman F, Soelaiman IN et al. Negative effects of nicotine on bone-resorbing cytokines and bone histomorphometric parameters in male rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2007; 25 (2): 93\u201398.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"BFijos201734_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1730-6","volume":"20","author":"C Kirschneck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Christl JJ, Reicheneder C et al. Efficacy of fluoride varnish for preventing white spot lesions and gingivitis during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances-a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Invest 2016; 20 (9): 2371\u20132378.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00067","volume":"8","author":"T Kouskoura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kouskoura T, Katsaros C, Gunten S von . The potential use of pharmacological agents to modulate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Front Physiol 2017; 8: 67.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.6.123-133.sar","volume":"19","author":"IJR Andrade","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrade IJR, Sousa AB, da Silva GG . New therapeutic modalities to modulate orthodontic tooth movement. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19 (6): 123\u2013133.","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(199912)242:3<295::AID-JMOR8>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"242","author":"M Fuenzalida","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fuenzalida M, Illanes J, Lemus R et al. Microscopic and histochemical study of odontoclasts in physiologic resorption of teeth of the polyphyodont lizard, Liolaemus gravenhorsti. J Morphol 1999; 242 (3): 295\u2013309.","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00485.x","volume":"115","author":"Y Ren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ren Y, Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM . Tooth movement characteristics in relation to root resorption in young and adult rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2007; 115 (6): 449\u2013453.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1159\/000363011","volume":"34","author":"L Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu L, Zhou Y, Zhou Z et al. Nicotine induces the production of IL-1beta and IL-8 via the alpha7 nAChR\/NF-kappaB pathway in human periodontal ligament cells: An in vitro study. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 34 (2): 423\u2013431.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.2.306","volume":"75","author":"T Takada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takada T, Yoshinari N, Sugiishi S et al. Effect of restraint stress on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2004; 75 (2): 306\u2013315.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-4630(81)90121-X","volume":"6","author":"TM El Attar","year":"1981","unstructured":"El Attar TM, Lin HS, Tira DE . Effect of epinephrine on prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP levels in gingiva of patients with chronic periodontitis. Prostaglandins Med 1981; 6 (6): 601\u2013612.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFijos201734_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(84)90246-6","volume":"20","author":"GR Cam","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cam GR, Bassett JR . Effect of prolonged exposure to nicotine and stress on the pituitary-adrenocortical response; the possibility of cross-adaptation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1984; 20 (2): 221\u2013226.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2003.00007.x","volume":"38","author":"BB Benatti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benatti BB, Nogueira-Filho GR, Diniz MC et al. Stress may enhance nicotine effects on periodontal tissues. An in vivo study in rats. J Periodontal Res 2003; 38 (3): 351\u2013353.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR49","first-page":"3","volume":"13","author":"JR Pinto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pinto JR, Bosco AF, Okamoto T et al. Effects of nicotine on the healing of extraction sockets in rats. A histological study. Braz Dent J 2002; 13 (1): 3\u20139.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFijos201734_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161111311040016","volume":"11","author":"A Leone","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leone A, Landini L . Vascular pathology from smoking. Look at the microcirculation!. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2013; 11 (4): 524\u2013530.","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01487.x","volume":"47","author":"YS Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim YS, Shin SI, Kang KL et al. Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the production of MMPs and prostaglandin E2 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha up-regulation in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47 (6): 719\u2013728.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFijos201734_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.297","volume":"25","author":"T Hellwig-Burgel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hellwig-Burgel T, Stiehl DP, Wagner AE et al. Review: hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1): a novel transcription factor in immune reactions. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2005; 25 (6): 297\u2013310.","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFijos201734_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.027029","volume":"70","author":"Q Ke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ke Q, Costa M . Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Mol Pharmacol 2006; 70 (5): 1469\u20131480.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFijos201734_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(76)90201-6","volume":"38","author":"MD Schechter","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schechter MD, Cook PG . Nicotine-induced weight loss in rats without an effect on appetite. Eur J Pharmacol 1976; 38 (1): 63\u201369.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR55","first-page":"93","volume-title":"The FTC cigarette test method for determining tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of US cigarettes. Report of the NCI Expert Committee. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 7","author":"NL Benowitz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benowitz NL Biomarkers of cigarette smoking. In: The FTC cigarette test method for determining tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of US cigarettes. Report of the NCI Expert Committee. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 7. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. 1996, 93\u2013111."},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR56","unstructured":"European CommissionAttitudes of Europeans towards tobacco. EUROBAROMETER 77.1 Special Eurobarometer 385. Available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/tobacco\/docs\/eurobaro_attitudes_towards_tobacco_2012_en.pdf (accessed 1 May 2017)."},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1967)20:2<323::AID-CNCR2820200221>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"20","author":"GE Moore","year":"1967","unstructured":"Moore GE, Bross I, Shamberger R et al. Tar and nicotine retrieval from fifty-six brands of cigarettes. Cancer 1967; 20 (3): 323\u2013332.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFijos201734_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-439","volume":"12","author":"SC Walpole","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walpole SC, Prieto-Merino D, Edwards P et al. The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass. BMC Public Health 2012; 12: 439.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFijos201734_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","volume":"22","author":"S Reagan-Shaw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N . Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J 2008; 22 (3): 659\u2013661.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFijos201734_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.5.483","volume":"26","author":"Y Ren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ren Y, Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM . The rat as a model for orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a critical review and a proposed solution. Eur J Orthod 2004; 26 (5): 483\u2013490.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"10","key":"BFijos201734_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18610","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151018610","volume":"15","author":"M Nagaie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagaie M, Nishiura A, Honda Y et al. A comprehensive mixture of tobacco smoke components retards orthodontic tooth movement via the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in a rat model. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15 (10): 18610\u201318622.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Oral Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijos201734.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijos201734","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/ijos.2017.34","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijos201734.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:34:11Z","timestamp":1684431251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijos201734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFijos201734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijos.2017.34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-2818","2049-3169"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-3169","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2017","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2017","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}