{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:23:28Z","timestamp":1791181408010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cervicovaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli may facilitate transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as miscarriages, preterm births and sepsis in pregnant women. However, little is known about the exact nature of the microbiological changes that cause these adverse outcomes. In this study, cervical samples of 174 Rwandan female sex workers were analyzed cross-sectionally using a phylogenetic microarray. Furthermore, HIV-1 RNA concentrations were measured in cervicovaginal lavages of 58 HIV-positive women among them. We identified six microbiome clusters, representing a gradient from low semi-quantitative abundance and diversity dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus (cluster R-I, with R denoting \u2018Rwanda\u2019) and L. iners (R-II) to intermediate (R-V) and high abundance and diversity (R-III, R-IV and R-VI) dominated by a mixture of anaerobes, including Gardnerella, Atopobium and Prevotella species. Women in cluster R-I were less likely to have HIV (P=0.03), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2; P&amp;lt;0.01), and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV; P&amp;lt;0.01) and had no bacterial STIs (P=0.15). Statistically significant trends in prevalence of viral STIs were found from low prevalence in cluster R-I, to higher prevalence in clusters R-II and R-V, and highest prevalence in clusters R-III\/R-IV\/R-VI. Furthermore, only 10% of HIV-positive women in clusters R-I\/R-II, compared with 40% in cluster R-V, and 42% in clusters R-III\/R-IV\/R-VI had detectable cervicovaginal HIV-1 RNA (Ptrend=0.03). We conclude that L. crispatus-dominated, and to a lesser extent L. iners-dominated, cervicovaginal microbiota are associated with a lower prevalence of HIV\/STIs and a lower likelihood of genital HIV-1 RNA shedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T07:36:43Z","timestamp":1394091403000},"page":"1781-1793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":257,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    -dominated cervicovaginal microbiota associated with reduced HIV\/STI prevalence and genital HIV viral load in African women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hanneke","family":"Borgdorff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeni","family":"Tsivtsivadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO Microbiology and Systems Biology , Zeist, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Verhelst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Marzorati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Jurriaans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles F","family":"Ndayisaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rinda Ubuzima , Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H","family":"Schuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO Microbiology and Systems Biology , Zeist, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke H H M","family":"van de Wijgert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) and Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.022442-0","article-title":"Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in macrophages by commensal bacteria preferentially stimulating Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"91","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt156","article-title":"Vaginal concentrations of lactic acid potently inactivate HIV","volume":"68","author":"Aldunate","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis\u2014diagnostic-criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations","volume":"74","author":"Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31820b8eba","article-title":"High human immunodeficiency virus incidence in a cohort of Rwandan female sex workers","volume":"38","author":"Braunstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6304","article-title":"Reciprocal interference between Lactobacillus spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis on initial adherence to epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/375819","article-title":"Association between acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women and bacterial vaginosis","volume":"37","author":"Cherpes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040112","article-title":"A Wilcoxon-type test for trend","volume":"4","author":"Cuzick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21786","article-title":"PCR-based identification of eight Lactobacillus species and 18 hr-HPV genotypes in fixed cervical samples of South African women at risk of HIV and BV","volume":"40","author":"Dols","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.012","article-title":"Microarray-based identification of clinically relevant vaginal bacteria in relation to bacterial vaginosis","volume":"204","author":"Dols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054379","article-title":"Characterization of the vaginal micro- and mycobiome in asymptomatic reproductive-age Estonian women","volume":"8","author":"Drell","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01710-09","article-title":"Comparison of self-collected and physician-collected vaginal swabs for microbiome analysis","volume":"48","author":"Forney","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31824e4bdb","article-title":"Altered vaginal microbiota are associated with perinatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV in African women from Burkina Faso","volume":"60","author":"Frank","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043802","article-title":"Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"353","author":"Fredricks","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132ra52","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Gajer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-10-8","article-title":"The role of acidification in the inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by vaginal lactobacilli during anaerobic growth","volume":"10","author":"Graver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1086\/314674","article-title":"Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis","volume":"179","author":"Hashemi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000390704.35642.47","article-title":"Treatment of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention: end of the road or new beginning?","volume":"24","author":"Hayes","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2012.02.008","article-title":"Understanding vaginal microbiome complexity from an ecological perspective","volume":"160","author":"Hickey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012078","article-title":"Deep sequencing of the vaginal microbiota of women with HIV","volume":"5","author":"Hummelen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2012.713120","article-title":"Joining and leaving sex work: experiences of women in Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"14","author":"Ingabire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-83","article-title":"Quantification of bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome in different groups of women, using nucleic acid amplification tests","volume":"12","author":"Jespers","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00854-08","article-title":"Heterogeneity of vaginal microbial communities within individuals","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.1.289","article-title":"Virucidal effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on human immunodeficiency virus type 1: possible role in heterosexual transmission","volume":"174","author":"Klebanoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR24","first-page":"1413","volume-title":"Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, Granada, Spain","author":"Kumar","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063514","article-title":"Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111418379","article-title":"Importance of vaginal microbes in reproductive health","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-488","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the diversity of vaginal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"11","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12004","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612004","article-title":"Interactions between Lactobacillus crispatus and bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacterial species in initial attachment and biofilm formation","volume":"14","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-12","article-title":"Comparative meta-RNA-seq of the vaginal microbiota and differential expression by Lactobacillus iners in health and dysbiosis","volume":"1","author":"Macklaim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024012421321287800_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000086107","article-title":"At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners AB-1","volume":"108","author":"Macklaim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.12.003","article-title":"Sialidase activity in aerobic vaginitis is equal to levels during bacterial vaginosis","volume":"167","author":"Marconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR32","first-page":"242","article-title":"The microbiota of the human genitourinary tract: trying to see the forest through the trees","volume":"123","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-012-9821-0","article-title":"Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the microbial community in a simulator of the human gastrointestinal tract showed a colon region-specific microbiota modulation for two plant-derived polysaccharide blends","volume":"103","author":"Marzorati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01572.x","article-title":"How to get more out of molecular fingerprints: practical tools for microbial ecology","volume":"10","author":"Marzorati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0187","article-title":"Interaction between lactobacilli, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, and HIV type 1 RNA and DNA genital shedding in U.S. and Kenyan women","volume":"29","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236919","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/236919","article-title":"Detection of fastidious vaginal bacteria in women with HIV infection and bacterial vaginosis","volume":"2009","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR37","first-page":"849","volume-title":"Proceedings of Advances In Neural Information Processing Systems 14, Vancouver, Canada","author":"Ng","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00808.x","article-title":"The lower genital tract microbiota in relation to cytokine-, SLPI- and endotoxin levels: application of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (CDH)","volume":"116","author":"Nikolaitchouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043009","article-title":"Resolution and characterization of distinct cpn60-based subgroups of Gardnerella vaginalis in the vaginal microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Paramel Jayaprakash","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025082","article-title":"The complex vaginal flora of West African women with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"6","author":"P\u00e9pin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12029","article-title":"Vaginal microbiota and its role in HIV transmission and infection","volume":"37","author":"Petrova","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1032","article-title":"Microarray data normalization and transformation","volume":"32","author":"Quackenbush","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31821f91a1","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and risk for Trichomonas vaginalis infection: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"38","author":"Rathod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women","volume":"108","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032728","article-title":"Commensal bacteria modulate innate immune responses of vaginal epithelial cell multilayer cultures","volume":"7","author":"Rose","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45281","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045281","article-title":"Longitudinal qPCR study of the dynamics of L. crispatus, L. iners, A. vaginae, (sialidase positive) G. vaginalis, and P. bivia in the vagina","volume":"7","author":"Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02943-10","article-title":"Molecular definition of vaginal microbiota in East African commercial sex workers","volume":"77","author":"Schellenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1086\/426394","article-title":"Female genital-tract HIV load correlates inversely with Lactobacillus species but positively with bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma hominis","volume":"191","author":"Sha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst Tech J"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040425","article-title":"The cervical microbiome over 7 years and a comparison of methodologies for its characterization","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1086\/591942","article-title":"Comparison of the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with or without bacterial vaginosis","volume":"198","author":"Spear","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037818","article-title":"Bacterial communities in women with bacterial vaginosis: high resolution phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships of microbiota to clinical criteria","volume":"7","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010197","article-title":"Temporal variability of human vaginal bacteria and relationship with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"5","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR55","first-page":"583","article-title":"Cluster ensembles\u2014a knowledge reuse framework for combining multiple partitions","volume":"3","author":"Strehl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31827c5a5b","article-title":"Does bacterial vaginosis cause pelvic inflammatory disease?","volume":"40","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40705-5_8","volume-title":"Partically Supervised Learning","author":"Tsivtsivadze","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181743936","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal yeast, but not vaginal cleansing, increase HIV-1 acquisition in African women","volume":"8","author":"van de Wijgert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2013revised guidelines from CDC, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Verani","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-116","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of the vaginal microflora in pregnancy suggests that L. crispatus promotes the stability of the normal vaginal microflora and that L. gasseri and\/or L. iners are more conducive to the occurrence of abnormal vaginal microflora","volume":"9","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1086\/367658","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"36","author":"Wiesenfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012421321287800_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00851-09","article-title":"Quantitative PCR assessments of bacterial species in women with and without bacterial vaginosis","volume":"48","author":"Zozaya-Hinchliffe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The ISME Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ismej201426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ismej201426","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article-pdf\/8\/9\/1781\/56373318\/41396_2014_article_bfismej201426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ismej201426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article-pdf\/8\/9\/1781\/56373318\/41396_2014_article_bfismej201426.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T12:57:00Z","timestamp":1707915420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article\/8\/9\/1781-1793\/7582475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2014.26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7362","1751-7370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7362","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7370","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]}}}