{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:07:43Z","timestamp":1777792063383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,6,1]],"date-time":"1982-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":391737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"abstract":"\n An intravenous injection method to measure cerebral vascular extraction fractions of highly diffusible substances in the rat is described. The brain extraction fractions of\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n H-labeled water ( E\n w<\/jats:sub>\n ) and ethanol ( E\n e<\/jats:sub>\n ) were defined as the ratio of either of those tracers to the freely diffusible reference tracer,\n 14<\/jats:sup>\n C-butanol, in the brain, divided by the ratio of the tracers available for the extraction during the time between simultaneous intravenous injection of the tracers and decapitation of the rat. E\n w<\/jats:sub>\n and E\n e<\/jats:sub>\n were measured in five regions of brain, including brainstem and cerebellum, under P\n a<\/jats:sub>\n co\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n conditions ranging from 15 to 85 mm Hg. The extraction fractions for both test tracers were shown to vary with P\n a<\/jats:sub>\n co\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -induced flow changes according to the equation, ln(1 \u2013 E) = \u2212 PS\/ F. When PS\/ F values calculated from regional measurements of E\n w<\/jats:sub>\n and E\n e<\/jats:sub>\n were plotted versus P\n a<\/jats:sub>\n co\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , least squares regression equations of the plots could be used to compare permeabilities of both tracers at any given P\n a<\/jats:sub>\n co\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n value. Ratios of the permeabilities of water and ethanol varied regionally but were relatively constant in a given region under different flow states. This intravenous injection method allows for accurate measurement of the extraction fractions of even highly diffusible tracers under varied flow conditions in all brain regions regardless of arterial blood supply.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]],"date-time":"2011-04-08T09:53:54Z","timestamp":1302256434000},"page":"187-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Intravenous Technique for the Measurement of Cerebral Vascular Extraction Fraction in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"H. Brent","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyd K.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus E.","family":"Raichle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheldon H.","family":"Preskorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth B.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Computer Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90560-6"},{"key":"bibr2-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02652.x"},{"key":"bibr3-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.35.3.358"},{"key":"bibr4-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.5.5.630"},{"key":"bibr5-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1979.tb06455.x"},{"key":"bibr6-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90123-X"},{"key":"bibr7-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1629"},{"key":"bibr8-jcbfm.1982.18","first-page":"46","volume":"96","author":"Oldendorf WH","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"bibr9-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114465"},{"key":"bibr10-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4064.984"},{"key":"bibr11-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.224.4.967"},{"key":"bibr12-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.224.6.1450"},{"key":"bibr13-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-147-38444"},{"key":"bibr14-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90024-X"},{"key":"bibr15-jcbfm.1982.18","first-page":"235","volume":"14","author":"Preskorn SH","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr16-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32062-8","volume":"213","author":"Preskorn SH","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr17-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.230.2.543"},{"key":"bibr18-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1959.197.6.1205"},{"key":"bibr19-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb00425.x"},{"key":"bibr20-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02476432"},{"key":"bibr21-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x"},{"key":"bibr22-jcbfm.1982.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91039-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:05:52Z","timestamp":1777493152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]}}}