{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:41:15Z","timestamp":1792730475799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]],"date-time":"1993-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":741484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The consequences of cerebral ischemia were studied in three different strains (BDF, CFW, and BALB\/C) of mice. The different strains exhibited significant differences in susceptibility to 24-h focal ischemia. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), infarct volumes (mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were 5 \u00b1 3 in BDF, 15 \u00b1 5 in CFW, and 23 \u00b1 3 in BALB\/C mice (p &lt; 0.05). MCAO plus ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) resulted in infarct volumes of 15 \u00b1 9 in BDF, 38 \u00b1 10 in CFW, and 72 \u00b1 12 in BALB\/C mice (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, MCAO plus CCAO produced death by 24 h in 42% of CFW and 67% of BALB\/C mice, but not in any BDF mice (p &lt; 0.05). CCAO alone produced multifocal hemispheric infarctions in 36% of BALB\/C mice but not in the other two strains. Brains of all mouse strains subjected to sham surgery were free of any ischemic injury. Arterial blood pressures, blood gases, and blood cell profiles were relatively similar for the three mouse strains. However, carbon black studies of the cerebrovascular anatomy revealed an incomplete circle of Willis (i.e., a significant decrease in the frequency of patent posterior communicating arteries) for BALB\/C compared with BDF mice (p &lt; 0.05), with CFW mice being intermediary. Based on these anatomical data, BALB\/C mice also were evaluated following transient global brain ischemia produced by bilateral CCAO. BALB\/C mice exhibited a &gt;85% reduction in cortical microvascular perfusion and EEG power within 1 min of bilateral CCAO. Also, hippocampal neuronal CA\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    damage and mortality over 7 days were related to the duration of global brain ischemia (p &lt; 0.05). These data demonstrate a significant difference between mouse strains in their sensitivity to cerebral ischemia that appears to be related, at least in part, to the functional vascular anatomy at the level of the posterior communicating arteries. In particular, we point out the potential usefulness of BALB\/C mice as a sensitive and reproducible model of focal and global ischemia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.87","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]],"date-time":"2011-04-08T13:13:40Z","timestamp":1302268420000},"page":"683-692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["Mouse Strain Differences in Susceptibility to Cerebral Ischemia are Related to Cerebral Vascular Anatomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"F. C.","family":"Barone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Z.","family":"Feuerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. N.","family":"Willette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1056-8719(92)90017-U"},{"key":"bibr2-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(91)90240-K"},{"key":"bibr3-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80182-4"},{"key":"bibr4-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.6.1304"},{"key":"bibr5-jcbfm.1993.87","first-page":"1314","volume":"39","author":"Berga P","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforsch"},{"key":"bibr6-jcbfm.1993.87","first-page":"IV161","volume":"21","author":"Bielenberg GW","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"bibr7-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb09869.x"},{"key":"bibr8-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1988.88"},{"key":"bibr9-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"Strain Designations and Origins of Charles River VAF\/PLUS\u2122 and COBS\u00ae Animals","author":"Charles River Laboratories, Inc.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr10-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"Product Catalog","author":"Charles River Laboratories, Inc.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr11-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.11.5.494"},{"key":"bibr12-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"The Mouse in Biomedical Research, Vol III: Normotensive Biology, Immunology and Husbandry","author":"Foster HL","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr13-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.12.1627"},{"key":"bibr14-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91473-T"},{"key":"bibr15-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(90)90059-T"},{"key":"bibr16-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(91)90163-6"},{"key":"bibr17-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.22.5.510"},{"key":"bibr18-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11158"},{"key":"bibr19-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90833-2"},{"key":"bibr20-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.51.273"},{"key":"bibr21-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.94.223"},{"key":"bibr22-jcbfm.1993.87","first-page":"315","volume":"87","author":"Levine S","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"bibr23-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(74)90155-1"},{"key":"bibr24-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals","author":"Loeb WF","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr25-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology","author":"Luna LG","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr26-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.98.1_23"},{"key":"bibr27-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90862-K"},{"key":"bibr28-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Rat Brain","author":"Pellegrino LJ","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr29-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Seigel S","year":"1956"},{"key":"bibr30-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.47"},{"key":"bibr31-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.91.267"},{"key":"bibr32-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.133"},{"key":"bibr33-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"The NIH 1980 Catalog","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr34-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb00971.x"},{"key":"bibr35-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.3.451"},{"key":"bibr36-jcbfm.1993.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.5.703"},{"key":"bibr37-jcbfm.1993.87","volume-title":"Statistical Principles in Experimental Design","author":"Winer BJ","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr38-jcbfm.1993.87","first-page":"16","volume":"290","author":"Yamamoto M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; 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