{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:02:48Z","timestamp":1791241368452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our previous studies show that long-term testosterone treatment augments vascular tone under physiological conditions and exacerbates endotoxin-induced inflammation in the cerebral circulation. However, testosterone can be metabolized by aromatase to estrogen, evoking a balance between androgenic and estrogenic effects. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the nonaromatizable androgen receptor agonist, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), on the inflammatory nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF\u03baB) pathway in cerebral blood vessels. Cerebral arteries were isolated from orchiectomized male rats treated chronically with DHT in vivo. Alternatively, pial arteries were isolated from orchiectomized males and were exposed ex vivo to DHT or vehicle in culture medium. DHT treatment, in vivo or ex vivo, increased nuclear NF\u03baB activation in cerebral arteries and increased levels of the proinflammatory products of NF\u03baB activation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Effects of DHT on COX-2 and iNOS were attenuated by flutamide. In isolated pressurized middle cerebral arteries from DHT-treated rats, constrictions to the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 or the selective iNOS inhibitor L-nil, [L-N6-(Iminoethyl)lysine], were increased, confirming a functional consequence of DHT exposure. In conclusion, activation of the NF\u03baB-mediated COX-2\/iNOS pathway by the selective androgen receptor agonist, DHT, results in a state of vascular inflammation. This effect may contribute to sex-related differences in cerebrovascular pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T04:03:07Z","timestamp":1224648187000},"page":"244-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Dihydrotestosterone Stimulates Cerebrovascular Inflammation through NF\u03baB, Modulating Contractile Function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rayna J","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue P","family":"Duckles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana N","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.159"},{"key":"bibr2-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041"},{"key":"bibr3-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.1.7"},{"key":"bibr4-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600457"},{"key":"bibr5-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0789"},{"key":"bibr6-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000078322.96027.78"},{"key":"bibr7-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0"},{"key":"bibr8-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000037880.62590.28"},{"key":"bibr9-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)90025-6"},{"key":"bibr10-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200208070-00024"},{"key":"bibr11-jcbfm.2008.115","first-page":"H292","volume":"275","author":"Geary GG","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr12-jcbfm.2008.115","first-page":"H610","volume":"279","author":"Geary GG","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr13-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600483"},{"key":"bibr14-jcbfm.2008.115","first-page":"H552","volume":"286","author":"Gonzales RJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr15-jcbfm.2008.115","first-page":"H578","volume":"289","author":"Gonzales RJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr16-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00327-8"},{"key":"bibr17-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.16.6.749"},{"key":"bibr18-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092864"},{"key":"bibr19-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01095.2005"},{"key":"bibr20-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01176.2003"},{"key":"bibr21-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1211"},{"key":"bibr22-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031069"},{"key":"bibr23-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00285-5"},{"key":"bibr24-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.1.0044"},{"key":"bibr25-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2003.08.008"},{"key":"bibr26-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1664"},{"key":"bibr27-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00481.2003"},{"key":"bibr28-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00465.2005"},{"key":"bibr29-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.1.601"},{"key":"bibr30-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90346-6"},{"key":"bibr31-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.5.0724"},{"key":"bibr32-jcbfm.2008.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74328-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:10:34Z","timestamp":1777493434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]]}}}