{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:53:32Z","timestamp":1791194012304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Identifying drug transporters and their in vivo significance will help to explain why some central nervous system (CNS) drugs cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain parenchyma. We characterized the transport of the drug Clonidine at the luminal BBB by in situ mouse brain perfusion. Clonidine influx was saturable, followed by Michaelis\u2013Menten kinetics ( K\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.62 mmol\/L, V\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 1.76 nmol\/sec per g at pH 7.40), and was insensitive to both sodium and trans-membrane potential. In vivo manipulation of intracellular and\/or extracellular pH and Trans-stimulation showed that Clonidine was transported by an H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -coupled antiporter regulated by both proton and Clonidine gradients, and that diphenhydramine was also a substrate. Organic cation transporters (Oct1\u20133), P-gp, and Bcrp did not alter Clonidine transport at the BBB in knockout mice. Secondary or tertiary amine CNS compounds such as oxycodone, morphine, diacetylmorphine, methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine, and nicotine inhibited Clonidine transport. However, cationic compounds that interact with choline, Mate, Octn, and Pmat transporters did not. This suggests that Clonidine is transported at the luminal mouse BBB by a new H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -coupled reversible antiporter.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.54","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T09:27:14Z","timestamp":1242811634000},"page":"1293-1304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Clonidine Transport at the Mouse Blood\u2014Brain Barrier by a New H\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Antiporter that Interacts with Addictive Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERMU705, CNRS UMR 7157, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9' Paris Diderot, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Paris, 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