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Noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can address this question, but its use for clarifying the role of microvascular dysfunction in dementia has been limited due to theoretical and practical considerations. We developed a new noninvasive NIRS method to obtain quantitative, dynamic measurements of absolute brain hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation and used it to show significant cerebrovascular impairments in a rat model of diet-induced vascular cognitive impairment. We fed young rats folate-deficient (FD) and control diets and measured absolute brain hemoglobin and hemodynamic parameters at rest and during transient mild hypoxia and hypercapnia. With respect to control animals, FD rats featured significantly lower brain hemoglobin concentration (72\u00b14 \u03bcmol\/L versus 95\u00b16 \u03bcmol\/L) and oxygen saturation (54%\u00b13% versus 65%\u00b12%). By contrast, resting arterial oxygen saturation was the same for both groups (96%\u00b14%), indicating that decrements in brain hemoglobin oxygenation were independent of blood oxygen carrying capacity. Vasomotor reactivity in response to hypercapnia was also impaired in FD rats. Our results implicate microvascular abnormality and diminished oxygen delivery as a mechanism of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,9]],"date-time":"2011-03-09T04:01:10Z","timestamp":1299643270000},"page":"1482-1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation are impaired by folate deficiency in rat: Absolute measurements with noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Bertan","family":"Hallacoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Sassaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Fantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aron M","family":"Troen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Neurocognition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(87)80438-3"},{"key":"bibr2-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0541-4"},{"key":"bibr3-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0522-3"},{"key":"bibr4-jcbfm.2011.13","first-page":"92","volume-title":"OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics on Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics","author":"Cerussi AE","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr5-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/4\/301"},{"key":"bibr6-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.11.1449"},{"key":"bibr7-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4258\/8\/7\/S35"},{"key":"bibr8-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0205-0_48"},{"key":"bibr9-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000131749.81508.18"},{"key":"bibr10-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.166421"},{"key":"bibr11-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48462.x"},{"key":"bibr12-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05572.x"},{"key":"bibr13-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20155"},{"key":"bibr14-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3000431"},{"key":"bibr15-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.11.097"},{"key":"bibr16-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/18\/402"},{"key":"bibr17-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.11.002128"},{"key":"bibr18-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.183988"},{"key":"bibr19-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.37.007447"},{"key":"bibr20-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.060"},{"key":"bibr21-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.31.001370"},{"key":"bibr22-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47"},{"key":"bibr23-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3253318"},{"key":"bibr24-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001503-200410000-00003"},{"key":"bibr25-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.08.019"},{"key":"bibr26-jcbfm.2011.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalaria R (2002) Similarities between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. 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