{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:31:58Z","timestamp":1777793518937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The PET tracer [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-hydroxytryptophan ([\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP), which is converted to [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-hydroxytryptamine ([\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HT) by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), is thought to measure 5-HT synthesis rates. But can we measure these synthesis rates by kinetic modeling of [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP in rat? Male rats were scanned with [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP (60 minutes) after different treatments. Scans included arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis. 5-HT synthesis rates were calculated by a two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) with irreversible tracer trapping or Patlak analysis. Carbidopa (inhibitor peripheral AADC) dose-dependently increased [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP brain uptake, but did not influence 2TCM parameters. Therefore, 10\u2009mg\/kg carbidopa was applied in all subsequent study groups. These groups included treatment with NSD 1015 (general AADC inhibitor) or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH). In addition, the effect of a low-tryptophan (Trp) diet was investigated. NSD 1015 or Trp depletion did not affect any model parameters, but PCPA reduced [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP uptake, and the k\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This was unexpected as NSD 1015 directly inhibits the enzyme converting [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP to [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HT, suggesting that trapping of radioactivity does not distinguish between parent tracer and its metabolites. As different results have been acquired in monkeys and humans, [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]5-HTP-PET may be suitable for measuring 5-HT synthesis in primates, but not in rodents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T03:55:23Z","timestamp":1380686123000},"page":"118-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["[\n                    <sup>11<\/sup>\n                    C]5-HTP and microPET are Not Suitable for Pharmacodynamic Studies in the Rodent Brain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Anniek KD","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha K","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoon TM","family":"Willemsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Di Gialleonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik FJ","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ido P","family":"Kema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudi AJO","family":"Dierckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aren","family":"van Waarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00194.x"},{"key":"bibr2-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.009"},{"key":"bibr3-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0722022.x"},{"key":"bibr4-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.06.014"},{"key":"bibr5-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.3992.149"},{"key":"bibr6-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297"},{"key":"bibr7-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1663-2"},{"key":"bibr8-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0979-3"},{"key":"bibr9-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04150.x"},{"key":"bibr10-jcbfm.2013.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(73)90019-1"},{"key":"bibr11-jcbfm.2013.171","first-page":"R206","volume":"244","author":"Tracqui 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