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Emerging clinical data and data from experimental models of cerebral ischemia in neonatal rodents have shown that the pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage is multifactorial. These studies have revealed that, far from just being a smaller version of the adult brain, the neonatal brain is unique with a very particular and age-dependent responsiveness to hypoxia\u2013ischemia and focal arterial stroke. In this review, we discuss fundamental clinical aspects of perinatal stroke as well as some of the most recent and relevant findings regarding the susceptibility of specific brain cell populations to injury, the dynamics and the mechanisms of neuronal cell death in injured neonates, the responses of neonatal blood-brain barrier to stroke in relation to systemic and local inflammation, and the long-term effects of stroke on angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Finally, we address translational strategies currently being considered for neonatal stroke as well as treatments that might effectively enhance repair later after injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T05:03:31Z","timestamp":1395810211000},"page":"921-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Mechanisms of Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjana","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington\/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Ashwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinaida S","family":"Vexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 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