{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:36:46Z","timestamp":1777793806166,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Positron emission tomography with antagonist radiotracers has showed that striatal dopamine D\n                    <jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor (D\n                    <jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R) availability decreases with age. However, no study has specifically assessed whether D\n                    <jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R availability decreases with age in healthy persons as measured with agonist radiotracers. Moreover, it is unknown whether D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R availability changes with age in healthy humans. Thus, we explored the relationship between age and D\n                    <jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R availability in healthy humans using the D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor (D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R)-preferential agonist radiotracer [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-(+)-PHNO ( n = 72, mean \u00b1 s.d. age = 40 \u00b1 15, range = 18 to 73) and the antagonist [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-Raclopride ( n = 70, mean \u00b1 s.d. age = 40 \u00b1 14, range = 18 to 73) (both, n = 33). The contribution of D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R to the [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-(+)-PHNO signal varies across regions of interest; the substantia nigra and hypothalamus represent D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R-specific regions, the ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, and ventral striatum represent D\n                    <jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R-mixed regions, and the caudate and putamen represent D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor (D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R)-specific regions. With [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-(+)-PHNO, a negative correlation was observed between age and nondisplaceable binding potential (BP\n                    <jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in the caudate ( r(70) = \u22120.32, P = 0.005). No correlations were observed in the other regions. With [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-Raclopride, negative correlations were observed between age and BP\n                    <jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the caudate ( r(68) = \u22120.50, P &lt; 0.001), putamen ( r(68) = \u22120.41, P &lt; 0.001), and ventral striatum ( r(68) = \u22120.43, P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, in contrast with the age-dependent decrease in D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R availability, these findings suggest that D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    R availability does not change with age.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T05:09:58Z","timestamp":1433912998000},"page":"1812-1818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Lack of Age-Dependent Decrease in Dopamine D\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Receptor Availability: A [\n                    <sup>11<\/sup>\n                    C]-(+)-PHNO and [\n                    <sup>11<\/sup>\n                    C]-Raclopride Positron Emission Tomography Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Caravaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Boileau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun K","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Plitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Gerretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan A","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Houle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Malta, Valletta, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Graff-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group\u2014Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, 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