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Alzheimer's disease affects multiple cell types within the neurovascular unit (NVU), including brain vascular cells (endothelial cells, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells), glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), and neurons. Thus, identifying and integrating biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses and injury with established AD biomarkers, amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) and tau, has a potential to contribute to better understanding of the disease process in dementias including AD. Here, we discuss the existing literature on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses during early stages of dementia and AD. We suggest that the clinical usefulness of established AD biomarkers, A\u03b2 and tau, could be further improved by developing an algorithm that will incorporate biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses and injury. Such biomarker algorithm could aid in early detection and intervention as well as identify novel treatment targets to delay disease onset, slow progression, and\/or prevent AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.76","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T04:13:59Z","timestamp":1429676039000},"page":"1055-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Neurovascular Dysfunction in Mild Dementia and Alzheimer'S Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Melanie D","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay P","family":"Sagare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berislav V","family":"Zlokovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jcbfm.2015.76","unstructured":"Prince M, Albanese E, Guerchet M, Prina M. 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